Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4

Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 3 of 4): Where to Get File Format Specifications



From: jdm@ora.com

Newsgroups: comp.graphics.misc,comp.answers,news.answers

Subject: Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 3 of 4): Where to Get File Format Specifications

Supersedes: <graphics/fileformats-faq-3-849730784@ora.com>

Followup-To: poster

Date: 20 Jan 1997 00:13:08 -0800

Organization: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.

Sender: jdm@ruby.ora.com

Expires: 02/24/97 00:13:00

Message-ID: <graphics/fileformats-faq-3-853747980@ora.com>

References: <graphics/fileformats-faq-1-853747980@ora.com>

Reply-To: jdm@ora.com (James D. Murray)

Summary: This document answers many of the most frequently asked 

        questions about graphics file formats on Usenet.

Keywords: FAQ, GRAPHICS, FORMAT, IMAGE, MULTIMEDIA, 3D



Posted-By: auto-faq 3.1.1.2

Archive-name: graphics/fileformats-faq/part3

Posting-Frequency: monthly

Last-modified: 20Jan97



Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 3 of 4): Where to Get File Format

Specifications



------------------------------



This FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) list contains information on

graphics file formats, including, raster, vector, metafile, Page

Description Language, 3D object, animation, and multimedia formats.



This FAQ is divided into four parts, each covering a different area of

graphics file format information:



  Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 1 of 4): General Graphics Format Questions

  Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 2 of 4): Image Conversion and Display Programs

  Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 3 of 4): Where to Get File Format Specifications

  Graphics File Formats FAQ (Part 4 of 4): Tips and Tricks of the Trade



Please email contributions, corrections, and suggestions about this FAQ to

jdm@ora.com. Relevant information posted to newsgroups will not

automatically make it into this FAQ.



-- James D. Murray



------------------------------



Subject: 0. Contents of Where to Get File Format Specifications 

Subjects marked with <NEW> are new to this FAQ. Subjects marked with <UPD>

have been updated since the last release  of this FAQ.



I. General questions about this FAQ



0. Maintainer's Comments

1. What's new in this latest FAQ release?



II. Where to Get File Format Specifications



3DMF - QuickDraw 3D Metafile

3DS - Autodesk 3D Studio

ABF - Adobe Binary Screen Font

ADI - AutoCAD Device-Independent Binary Plotter Format

AFM - Adobe Font Metrics File Format

AI - Adobe Illustrator File Format

ART - Another Ray Tracer

Atari ST Graphics File Formats

AVS - Application Visualization System

AWD - Microsoft Fax At Work Document

BDF - Adobe Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format

BIN - SGI Powerflip

BMP - Windows Bitmap Format

BRender

BRL-CAD - Ballistic Research Laboratory CAD

BUFR - Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data

BYU - BYU Movie

CAD-3D

CALS - Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support Raster Format

CAM - Casio Camera

CCITT - CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 Encoding

CDF - Common Data Format

CDF - Cyberspace Description Format

CDL - CADKey CADL Language

CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile

CIF

CMP - LeadView

CMU - Carnegie Mellon University Formats

COB - Calgari trueSpace2 File Format

CXS

Cyberware

DEM - Digital Elevation Model

DGN - Microstation

DKB - DKB-Trace

DLG - Digital Line Graph

DPX - Digital Moving Picture Exchange

DRW - Micrografx Designer/Draw Plus Format

DWB - Coryphaeus Software Designers Workbench

DWG - Autodesk drawing

DXF - Autodesk Drawing eXchange Format

EMF - Microsoft Enhanced Metafile

ENFF - Extended Neutral File Format

EPS - Encapsulated PostScript

FACT

FBM - Fuzzy Bitmap

FFIVW - File Format for the Interchange of Virtual Worlds

FITS - Flexable Image Transport System

FLASHPIX

FLT - MultiGen Flight

GDS - McDonnell-Douglas Things

GFO - SGI Radiosity

GIF - Graphics Interchange Format

GKS - Graphics Kernel System

GrADS - Metafile

GRASP - Graphical System for Presentation

GRIB - Gridded Binary

HDF - Hierarchical Data Format

HDS - Hierarchical Data System

HPGL - Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language

HPPCL - Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language

HRF - Hitachi Raster Format

IFF - Electronic Arts Interchange File Format

IGES - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification

IM - Performer

IMA - Zenographics Mirage Graphics File Format

IMJ - Image JPEG

INGR - Intergraph Raster File Format

IRTP - Graphicon-2000 Interactive Real-Time PHIGS

IV - SGI Inventor

IV-VRML - Inventor VRML Format

JBIG - Joint Bilevel Image Group

JCAMP

JFIF - JPEG File Interchange Format

LSA/LSB - Lightscape Technologies ASCII and Binary

LWOB - Lightwave Object Format

MedFileS

MGF - Materials and Geometry Format

MIFF - Magick Image File Format

MNG - Multiple Network Graphics

MSDL - Manchester Scene Description Language

MTL - Wavefront

NAPLPS - North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax

netCDF - Network Common Data Format

NFF - Haines Neutral File Format

NFF - WorldToolKit Neutral File Format

NITF - National Imagery Transmission Format

OBJ - Wavefront Object

ODIF - Open Document Interchange Format

ODL - Object Description Language

OFF - Object File Format

OpenMath

PBM - Portable Bitmap

PCX - ZSoft Paint

PDF - Portable Document Format

PDS - Planetary Data System Format

PGM - Portable Greymap

PHD - PolyHedra Database

PIC - Lotus PIC Graphics Format

PIC - Micrografx Draw! Graphics Format

PIC - Pegasus Imaging Corporation Format

PIC - Video Show Graphics Format

PICT - Macintosh Picture

PIX - Inset Pix

PLY - ZipPack

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

PPM - Portable Pixmap

POL - InnovMetric Software Polygon Models Format

POV - Persistence of Vision Raytracing

PS - PostScript

PSD - Adobe Photoshop

PTU - Performer Terrain Utilities

QT - QuickTime

QTVR - QuickTime VR

RAD - Radience

RAS - Sun Rasterfile

RAW - Photoshop RAW

RAY - Rayshade

RFT-DCA - Revisable-Form Text Document Content Architecture

RIB - Renderman Interface Bytestream

RIFF - Microsoft Resource Interchange File Format

RIX - ColoRIX Image File

RTF - Rich Text Format

RWX - MEME Shape File

RWX - Criterion RenderWare

S1K - S1000 Simnet Format

SAF - Standard Archive Format

SAIF - Spatial Archive Interchange Format

SAT - ACIS

Scene

Scitex HandShake Formats

SCN - SCeNe RTrace

SDL - Alias Wavefront Scene Description Language

SDML - Spacial Data Modeling Language

SDTS - Spatial Data Transfer Standard

SFF - Scene File Format

SGI - Silicon Graphics Image File Format

SHG - Segmented Hyper-Graphic

Softimage

SPIFF - Still Picture Interchange File Format

STL - Stereolithography Interface Format

TDDD - Imagine Object File Format

TGA - Truevision (Targa) File Format

TIFF - Tag Image File Format

TRIF - Tiled Raster Interchange Format

TTF - TrueType Font

Type 42 Font Format

URT - Utah Raster Toolkit

VCA - Visual Clip Art

VICAR - Video Image Communication and Retrieval

VIFF - Visualization Image File Format

VIT - VITec Scanner Raster Format

VPF - Vector Product Format

VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language

WebOOGL - Web Object Oriented Graphics Library

WMF - Windows Meta File

WPG - WordPerfect Graphics Metafile

X3D - x3d and xdart Formats

XBM - X BitMap

XOF - RenderMorphics

XPM - X PixMap

WSQ - Wavelet-packet Scalar Quantization Format

XWD - X Window Dump



III. Document Sources



0. U.S. Government and Military Standards Sources

1. International Standards Document Sources

2. Commercial Document Sources

3. Other Standards Sources



IV. Kudos and Assertions



0. Acknowledgments

1. About The Author

2. Disclaimer

3. Copyright Notice





------------------------------



Subject: I. General questions about this FAQ



------------------------------



Subject: 0. Maintainer's Comments



One of the reasons you are looking through this FAQ collection is most

likely to locate the specification for one or more graphics file formats.

That assumption on my part makes this file one of the most important parts

of the Graphics File Formats FAQ collection. I therefore wish to make this

section as complete as possible.



If you have any suggestions for formats to include then please email me at

jdm@ora.com and let me know!



------------------------------



Subject: 1. What's new in this latest FAQ release?



  o Many URLs updated

  o Updated MNG and PNG (thanks Tom)



------------------------------



Subject: II. Where to Get File Format Specifications



This section contains an alphabetical listing of file formats, the

names of the creators/caretakers, and where to obtain the official

specifications, and a brief description of each format.

                              

If you are searching for detailed information on the internals of a

file format, then I suggest you check out the resources listed here,

and have a look at the books and journals articles listed in Part 1

of this FAQ.



Each format section contains a common header that is a quick reference to

the file format.



         Type: Bitmap, Vector, Metafile, 3D, VRML, general data, PDL, multimedia

    Extension: File extension(s) or type

      Version: Latest version number

  Compression: All supported compression methods

  Color Depth: Pixel depth and maximum number of colors supported

   Maintainer: Who created and/or maintains the format

Specification: Where to get a copy of the format



------------------------------



Subject: 3DMF - QuickDraw 3D Metafile



         Type: 3D

    Extension: 3DMF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Apple Computer

Specification: http://product.info.apple.com/qd3d/3DMFspec.HTML

               http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/3DMF.pdf



Apple's 3D Metafile is a format used for the storage and interchange of

3D data.



------------------------------



Subject: 3DS - Autodesk 3D Studio



         Type: 3D

    Extension: 3ds

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Autodesk

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_3ds.html

               http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_3DS_details.html

               http://homepage.eznet.net/~frac/3dsform.txt



3DS is the native file format of Autodesk's 3D Studio program.

3D Studio is an interactive 3D modeling, rendering and animation

package from the makers of AutoCAD. 3DStudio runs under MS-DOS

and is used to create three-dimensional, photo-realistic images

for a variety of applications.



You can find Autodesk's home page and ftp site at:

  http://www.autodesk.com/

  ftp://ftp.autodesk.com/



Other 3D Studio Web pages include:



  http://homepage.eznet.net/~frac/3ds.html

    FRiC's 3D Studio Web Page



  http://www.armory.com/~gandalf/3dsfaq.html

    3DS Interactive FAQ



  http://www.det.mun.ca/staff/gporter/3dsfaq.htm

    3D Studio FAQ



And other 3D Studio information can be found on the

  comp.graphics.packages.3dstudio Usenet newsgroup.



------------------------------



Subject: ABF - Adobe Binary Screen Font



         Type: bitmap font

    Extension: abf

      Version: 2.0

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5006.ABF_Spec.pdf



ABF is Adobe Systems' binary screen font format. ABF is, in fact, the binary

version of the Adobe's ASCII-based Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF).

Each ABF file is a sequence of 8-, 16-, or 32-bit words in either big- or

little-endian order. Each file stores information for one font.



The specification for the ABF format is:



  Adobe Binary Screen Font Files Specification (Version 2.0),

    Adobe Developer Support, 31 March 1992, P/N LPS5006.

   

This document available via FTP as a Tech Note in PostScript format, 

or as hardcopy when obtained directly from Adobe (see the PostScript

section for information on how to contact Adobe Systems, Inc.).



------------------------------



Subject: ADI - AutoCAD Device-Independent Binary Plotter Format



         Type: Vector

    Extension: adi

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Autodesk

Specification: 



ADI is a plotter file format generated by AutoCAD. They are rendered as

monochome bitmaps when viewed on a display. Information on ADI may be found

in the AutoCAD Installation and Performance Guide.



------------------------------



Subject: AFM - Adobe Font Metrics File Format



         Type: font metric

    Extension: afm

      Version: 4.0

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: N/A

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/DeveloperSupport/TechNotes/PSfiles/5004.AFM_Spec.ps



AFM is Adobe's ASCII-based file format used for storing font metric data as

human-readable data. AFM is the standard Adobe font file format.



This format is also known as the Adobe Multiple Font Metrics (AMFM) and

Adobe Composite Font Metrics (ACFM) file formats. In fact, AFM, AMFM, and

ACFM are actually three variations of the same format. AFM files contain

base or composite font information. One AFM file is used per master design

of a font.  AMFM files store control and global font information for a

group of AFM files. And ACFM files contain the global metrics of the

composite font program.



The specification for the AFM format is:



  Adobe Font Metrics File Format Specification (Version 4.0),

    Adobe Developer Support, 14 February 1992, P/N LPS5004.

   

This document available via FTP as a Tech Note in PostScript format, or as

hardcopy when obtained directly from Adobe (see the PostScript section for

information on how to contact Adobe Systems, Inc.).



------------------------------



Subject: AI - Adobe Illustrator File Format



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: ai

      Version: 3.0

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5007.AI_Spec_v3.0_Draft.pdf



Native file format of Adobe Illustrator. AI is actually a varitaion of the

Adobe Encapsulated PostScirpt (EPS) format.



------------------------------



Subject: ART - Another Ray Tracer



         Type: 3D

    Extension: art

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Tom Wilson &lttwilson@sunny5.dab.ge.com&gt

Specification:



Native file format of the RAT (Another Ray Tracer) ray tracing package

included with the VORT ray tracing package.





------------------------------



Subject: Atari ST Graphics File Formats



         Type: Bitmap and animation

    Extension: .ANI, .ANM, .CE?, .FLM, .NEO, .PAC, .PC?,

               .PI?, .RGB, .SEQ, .TNY, .TN?, .UC?

      Version: Variuos

  Compression: None, RLE

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The primary graphics file format of the Atari ST system is the

Electronic Arts Interchange File Format (IFF).  However, a collection

of poorly documented image file formats native to the Atari ST

computer do exist as well. These formats are used primarily for

storing still-images, animations, and screen dumps. 



The Computer Eyes Raw Data Format (.CE1, .CE2), Imagic File/Picture

Format (.IC1, .IC2, .IC3), NEOchrome Format (.NEO), RGB Intermediate

Format (.RGB), STAD Format (.PAC), Tiny Format (.TNY, .TN1, .TN2,

.TN3) are bitmap file formats. The Animatic File Format (.ANM), Cyber

Paint Sequence Format (.SEQ), DEGAS Format (.PI1, PI2, .PI3, .PC1,

.PC2, .PC3), and NEOchrome Animation Format (.ANI) are animation file

formats.



There seems to be no official documentation for most of these

formats. The document, "Atari ST Picture Formats", by David M.

Baggett <dmb@ai.mit.edu> does seem to be the definitive reference.

You can find it at:



  ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/.../picfmts.doc



You may also find information on Atari ST formats on the

comp.sys.atari.st Usenet newsgroup, and on the following Web sites:



  Dan's Atari ST Web Pages

  http://newton.ex.ac.uk/general/ug/jones/



  Atari ST FAQ

  http://www.smartpages.com/faqs/csas-faq/top.html



------------------------------



Subject: AVS - Application Visualization System



         Type: 3D

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



AVS is a package that allows non-programmers to build visualization

applications for scientific and engineering problem solving.

Have a look at the Introduction to AVS page at http://www.bion.kth.se/~pgr/AVS/howToStart.html



The AVS home page and FTP site may be found at:



  http://iac.ncsc.org/

  ftp://avs.ncsc.org/



------------------------------



Subject: AWD - Microsoft Fax At Work Document

         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: AWD

      Version: 

  Compression: 

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



AWD is an OLE compound object file that stores bilevel facsimile data.

The compression algorithm used by AWD is not published, but it is based

on CCITT Group 4. The format of OLE compound object files also seems not

to be published, but there much OLE information available:



  http://www.microsoft.com/oledev/oleocx/ole11.htm

    OLE Control and Control Container Guidelines, Version 1.1



------------------------------



Subject: BDF - Adobe Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format



         Type: Bitmap font

    Extension: bdf

      Version: 2.2

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: 1-bit

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/DeveloperSupport/TechNotes/PSfiles/5005.BDF_Spec.ps



BDF is an ASCII-based file format used to store Adobe screen fonts as

human-readable data. The BDF sister format, ABF, stores the same font data

using a binary format.



This format was previously known as the Character Bitmap Distribution

Format, but was renamed to the Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format to bring

the format's name into agreement with current industry terminology.



The specification for the BDF format is:



  Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) Specification (Version 2.2),

    Adobe Developer Support, 22 March 1993, P/N LPS5005.

   

This document available via FTP as a Tech Note in PostScript format, or as

hardcopy when obtained directly from Adobe (see the PostScript section for

information on how to contact Adobe Systems, Inc.).



------------------------------



Subject: BIN - SGI Powerflip



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: BMP - Windows Bitmap Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: BMP

      Version: 

  Compression: RLE

  Color Depth: 1- to 24-bit

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



BMP is the native bitmap file format of the Microsoft Windows environment.

It efficiently stores mapped or unmapped RGB graphics data with pixels 1-,

4-, 8-, or 24-bits in size. Data may be stored raw or compressed using a

4-bit or 8-bit RLE data compression algorithm. BMP is an excellent choice

for a simple bitmap format which supports a wide range of RGB image data.



There is not single document that is the official &quotBMP Format Specification&quot.

Instead, BMP information is spread over several programming references. You 

can search the Microsoft Developers Network CD-ROMs and the Microsoft Knowledge

Base (available at ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/ and http://www.microsoft.com/), but your

best source of BMP information lies outside of Microsoft and within the following

references:



  Inside Windows File Formats, Tom Swan, Sams Publishing 1993.

    ISBN 0-672-30338-8 $24.95 softcover, 337 pages and 1 disk (3.5 in.).               

    Order: Sams Publishing, 2201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis,

    IN 46290



  Luse, Marv. "The BMP File Format," Dr. Dobb's Journal, #219 September

    1994 (Vol 9, Issue 10), pp. 18-22.



  The BMP File Format: Part I, Dr. Dobb's Journal, David Charlap, #228

    March 1995 (Vol. 20, Issue 3).



  The BMP File Format: Part II, Dr. Dobb's Journal, David Charlap, #229

    April 1995 (Vol. 20, Issue 4).



The code for the above issues are available at:



  ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj/1994/1994.09/bmp.zip

  ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj/1995/1995.03/bmp.zip



Also have a look at:



  http://www.r2m.com/windev/

    Internet Resources for Windows Developers



And look in the OS/2 Developer Connection SDK for OS/2 BMP information.



------------------------------



Subject: BRender



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: BRL-CAD - Ballistic Research Laboratory CAD



         Type: Bitmap, 3D, and general data

    Extension: .pix, .bw

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The BRL-CAD Package is a powerful Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based

solid modeling system. BRL-CAD consists of over 100 different programs,

including an interactive geometry editor, a ray tracing library, two 

ray-tracing based lighting models, a generic framebuffer library, a

network-distributed image-processing and signal-processing capability,

and a large collection of related tools and utilities. Release 4.0 is the

latest version of software which has been undergoing continuous development

since 1979. 



The BRL-CAD documentation is distributed in five volumes:



  Volue I    The BRL-CAD Philosophy

  Volue II   The BRL-CAD User's Manual

  Volue III  The BRL-CAD Applications Manual

  Volue IV   The MGED User's Manual

  Volue V    The BRL-CAD Analyst's Manual



To obtain a copy of this documentation, contact:



  BRL-CAD Distribution

  Attn: SCLBR-LV-V

  Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5066

  Email: keith@brl.mil



For general information about BRL-CAD, contact:



  BRL-CAD Architect

  Attn: Mike Muuss

  U.S. Army Research Laboratory

  Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5068

  Email: mike@brl.mil



Additional BRL-CAD information may be found at:



  BRL-CAD Home Page

  http://web.arl.mil/software/brlcad/index.html



  BRL-CAD Technical Reports

  http://web.arl.mil/reports/



------------------------------



Subject: BUFR - Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data



         Type: General data

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: World Meteorological Organization

Specification:



BUFR is a data format used to store quantiative meteorological data.

BUFR is described in the documents:



  Guide to the WMO Code Form FM 94-IX EXT. BUFR, W. Thorpe, Fleet Numerical

    Oceanography Center, Monterey, California.



  Standard Formats for Weather Data Exchange Among Automated Weather

    Information Systems, Document Number FCM-S2-1990.



Documents and information on BUFR are available from:



  U.S. Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

    Administration (NOAA)

  Attn: Ms. Lena Loman

  Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and

   Supporting Research (OFCM)

  6010 Executive Blvd, Suite 900

  Rockville, MD 20852

  Voice: 301.443.8704



  U.S. Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric 

    Administration (NOAA)

  Attn: Dr. John D. Stackpole

  Chief, Production Management Branch, Automation Division

  National Meteorological Center

  WINMC42, Room 307, WWB

  5200 Auth Road

  Camp Springs, MD 20746

  Voice: 301.763.8115

  Fax:   301.763.8381

  Email: jstack@sun1.wwb.noaa.gov



  BUFR, the WMO standard for point data

  http://dao.gsfc.nasa.gov/data_stuff/formatPages/BUFR.html



------------------------------



Subject: BYU - BYU Movie



         Type: 3D

    Extension: byu

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.cica.indiana.edu/graphics/object_specs/BYU.format.txt



------------------------------



Subject: CAD-3D



         Type: 3D

    Extension: 3d, 3d2, 3d4

      Version: 2.0

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_3d2.html

               http://www.cica.indiana.edu/graphics/object_specs/3D2.format.txt



CAD-3D 2.0 stores 3D objects using the 3D, 3D2, or 3D4 file formats. Each format

can store up to 40 objects and contains all information about the objects, 

including the lighting and color palette.



CAD-3D files are similar to the older file format, but they no longer require

the Motorola Fast Floating Point library (LIBF) for the storage of vertex

coordinates. Thia new version stores each coordinate in a two-byte word instead

of a four-byte floating-point value, saving a considerable amount of storage,

and making the file more easily usable by programs written with different

floating-point formats.



For more information on CAD-3D, contact Antic Software:



  Antic Software

  Product Development Department

  544 Second Street

  San Franscico, CA 94107

  Voice: +1 415.957.0886 



------------------------------



Subject: CALS - Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support Raster Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: .cal

      Version: 

  Compression: CCITT Group 4 (MMR)

  Color Depth: 1-bit

   Maintainer: CALS Management Support Office (DCLSO)

Specification:



CALS files are used for document imaging and therefore only store

black-and-white, 1-bit image data. CALS Type I files only store a single

image per file and the data is always compressed using the CCITT Group 4

encoding algorithm. CALS Type II files may stored multiple images per file,

the image data may be tiled, and tiles stored as raw data or as data

compressed using CCITT Group 4 encoding.



The CALS raster file format is defined primarily in the following

military standards documents:



  MIL-STD-1840A, Automated Interchange of Technical Information

  MIL-R-28002A, Requirements for Raster Graphics Representation 

    in Binary Format 



The CALS raster file format is supported through the CALS office of the

United States Department of Defense:



  CALS Management Support Office (DCLSO)

  Office of the Assistant Director for Telecommunications andInformation Systems

  Headquarters Defense Logistics Agency

  Cameron Station

  Alexandria, VA 22314 USA



  The CALS Home Page

  http://www.acq.osd.mil/cals/



------------------------------



Subject: CAM - Casio Camera



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: .cam

      Version: 

  Compression: 

  Color Depth: 

   Maintainer: Casio

Specification: Not available



CAM is the native bitmap format of the Casio QV series digital camera

software. The CAM format specification is not published, but Photoshop

plug-ins and a TWAIN toolkit for CAM are available, as is a developmant kit

for Visual Basic and Visial C++ applications. Email Scott Nelson at

SNELSON921@aol.com for more information on the toolkits.  Visit the Casio

home page at http://www.casio.com/ for more information on their QV-10 and

QV-30 digital cameras.



You can find a description of the CAM file internals at:



  http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~with/QV10/index_e.html





------------------------------



Subject: CCITT - CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 Encoding



         Type: Data encoding format

    Extension: .g3, .g4, .cit

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth: Bilevel

   Maintainer: http://www.itu.ch/

Specification: 





------------------------------



Subject: CDF - Common Data Format



         Type: General data

    Extension: CDF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: 



CDF is a scientific data management package (known as the "CDF Library")

developed by the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC). CDF allows

application programmers to manage and manipulate scalar, vector, and

multi-dimensional data arrays. The CDF file format is transparently utilized

and made accessible to the through a consistent set of interface routines

known as the &quotCDF Interface&quot. 



  http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cdf/cdf_home.html

  The Common Data Format Home Page



  http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/about_nssdc.html

  National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)



  You can download the CDF software distribution from:

  ftp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/cdf/dist/cdf25/



------------------------------



Subject: CDF - Cyberspace Description Format



         Type: VRML

    Extension: CDF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Carl Tollander <carlt@autodesk.com>

Specification: http://vrml.wired.com/proposals/cdf/cdf.html



CDF is an ASCII-based format used for describing cyberspace decks and

virtual worlds. This format provides a standard framework that is used to

store, retrieve, modify, and exchange descriptions of cyberspace objects;

including object initialization, state, and scheduling, and cyberspase

simulation.



CDF is based on the CDF format described in Autodesk's Cyberspace

Development Kit. Autodesk's CDF is a closed format used to support a

proprietary deveoper's tool, while the proposed CDF format is an open

format intended to be accepted as an industry standard.



------------------------------



Subject: CDL - CADKey CADL Language



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Cadkey Inc.

Specification: 



Contact Cadkey at:



  Cadkey Inc.

  4 Griffin Road

  Windsor, CT 06095-1511 USA

  Voice: 203.298.8888

  Voice: 800.394.2231

  Fax:   203.298.6590

  Email: info@cadkey.com

  WWW:   http://www.cadkey.com/



------------------------------



Subject: CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: CGM

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: ANSI, ISO, IEC, DOD, NIST

Specification:



The current version of the CGM ANSI/ISO standard (commonly called 

CGM:1992) is:



  Information Processing Systems--Computer Graphics Metafile for the

  Storage and Transfer of Picture Description Information, 

  ANSI/ISO 8632-1992.



This standard superseded the early CGM:1986 (ANSI X3.122-1986) ANSI

standard. The CGM standard is contained in four ISO standards documents:



  ISO/IEC 8632-1:1992 Part 1: Functional Specification

  ISO/IEC 8632-3:1992 Part 2: Character Encoding

  ISO/IEC 8632-3:1992 Part 3: Binary Encoding

  ISO/IEC 8632-4:1992 Part 4: Clear Text Encoding



These documents may be obtained from the following organizations:



  International Standards Organization (ISO)

  1 rue de Varembe

  Case Postal 56

  CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland

  Voice: +41 22 749 01 11

  Fax:   +41 22 733 34 30



  American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

  Sales Department

  11 West 42nd Street

  New York, NY 10036

  Voice: 212.642.4900



  Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

  Sales Group

  178 Rexdale Blvd.

  Rexdale, Ontario, M9W 1R3

  Voice: 416.747.444



And here are a few CGM Web pages:



  MIL-STD-2301, CGM Implementation Standard for the NIST Format Standard

  http://www.tasc.com/nitfs/NITFS_docs.html



  CGM Home Page at NIST

  http://speckle.ncsl.nist.gov/~lsr/cgm.htm



  Overview of CGM Standards

  http://speckle.ncsl.nist.gov/~lst/cgm_std.htm



  The Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)

  http://www.agocg.ac.uk:8080/agocg/CGM.html



A freely available C library for creating CGM files is available at:



  http://speckle.ncsl.nist.gov/~lorax/cgm/cd.html



------------------------------



Subject: CIF



------------------------------



Subject: CMP - LeadView



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: CMP

      Version: 

  Compression: LEAD CMP compression (proprietary)

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: LEAD Technologies

Specification: Not available



  LEAD Technologies

  Technical Support Department

  Voice: 704.372.9681

    Fax: 704.332.5868

    BBS: 704.334.9045

  Email: support@leadtools.com

    WWW: http://www.leadtools.com/



------------------------------



Subject: CMU - Carnegie Mellon University Formats



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: COB - Calgari trueSpace2 File Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: COB, SCN

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/calgari.pdf



------------------------------



Subject: CXS



------------------------------



Subject: Cyberware



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Cyberware

Specification: 



Contact Cyberware at:



  Cyberware Inc.

  2110 Del Monte Avenue

  Montery, CA 93940 USA

  Voice: 408.657.1450

  Fax:   408.657.1494

  Email: sales@cyberware.com

  WWW:   http://www.cyberware.com/



------------------------------



Subject: DEM - Digital Elevation Model



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Specification:



The format of DEM map files is described in the publication:



  Data Users Guide 5 - Digital Elevation Models



and is available for $1.00 US from:



  Earth Science Information Center (ESIC)

  U. S. Geological Survey

  507 National Center

  Reston, VA  22092 USA

  Voice: 1.800.USA.MAPS

  Voice: 703.860.645



  The Andrew Consortium

  http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/atk-ftp/web/andrew-home.html



  http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem



------------------------------



Subject: DGN - Microstation



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: DKB - DKB-Trace



         Type: 3D

    Extension: dkb

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: DLG - Digital Line Graph



         Type: Vector

    Extension: dlg

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Specification:



DLG is used by USGS to store geographical data. Documentation on this

format is available at:



  ftp://spectrum.xerox.com/depts/markc/demtools/demwork/dlg/doc/dlgguide.txt.Z>.



The format of DLG graph files is described in the publications:



  Data Users Guide 1 - Digital Line Graphs from 1:24,000-Scale Maps

  Data Users Guide 2 - Digital Line Graphs from 1:100,000-Scale Maps

  Data Users Guide 3 - Digital Line Graphs from 1:2,000,000-Scale Maps



and each is available for $2.00 US from:



  Earth Science Information Center (ESIC)

  U. S. Geological Survey

  507 National Center

  Reston, VA  22092 USA

  Voice: 1.800.USA.MAPS

  Voice: 703.860.645



------------------------------



Subject: DPX - Digital Moving Picture Exchange



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: dpx, cin

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: SMPTE <http://www.smpte.org/>

Specification:



DPX is the SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)

standard file format for Digital Moving Picture Exchange. DPX is, in fact,

the Kodak Cineon raster file format with just a few slight modifications to

the file's header.



The DPX specification is referred to as the ANSI/SMPTE 268M-1994 Standard

(dated: 18 February 1994) and is available directly from SMPTE:



  The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

  595 W. Hartsdale Avenue

  White Plains, NY 10607 USA

  Voice: 914.761.1100

  Fax:   914.761.3115

  Web:   http://www.smpte.org/



You can find a complete listng of all SMPTE standards at

http://www.smpte.org/stds/stscope.html



------------------------------



Subject: DRW - Micrografx Designer/Draw Plus Format



         Type: Vector

    Extension: DRW

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Micrografx

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: DWB - Coryphaeus Software Designers Workbench



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:





Contact Coryphaeus at:



  Coryphaeus

  985 University Avenue

  Suite 31

  Los Gatos, CA 95030 USA

  Voice: 408.395.4537

  Fax:   408.395.6351

  Email: sales@coryphaeus.com

  WWW:   http://www.coryphaeus.com/



------------------------------



Subject: DWG - Autodesk drawing



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Autodesk

Specification:



  http://www.kovac.com/software/index.html



------------------------------



Subject: DXF - Autodesk Drawing eXchange Format



         Type: Vector and 3D

    Extension: DXF

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Autodesk

Specification:



The AutoCAD DXF (Drawing eXchange Format) and AutoCAD DXB (Drawing eXhange

Binary) formats are the native vector file formats of Autodesk's AutoCAD

CAD application.



DXF is probably one of the most widely supported vector formats in the

world today. DXF is rich in features, including: support for 3D objects,

curves, text, associative dimensioning, and is an easy format to parse.

The DXB format is a binary representation of a DXF file and they are

usually smaller and faster to load than the equivalent DXF file.



The latest "official" DXF revision is Release 12. However, there is an

even newer version of DXF containing several changes and additions to the

format.  Apparently the specification of the latest version of the DXF

format is not yet (if it will ever be) freely available. Users are

required to pay $4000US for a license to AutoCAD in to obtain the specs

for this newest release of DXF file format.



The official specification for DXF R12 may be found in the AutoCAD Manual

Release 12:



  AutoCAD Customization Manual, Release 12, Autodesk Inc., 1992, pp. 241-81.



The specification for DXF R12 has also been released in electonic form and

is available in several of the Internet file format archives, such as:



  ftp://avalon.vislab.navy.mil/pub/format_specs/dxf_r12.txt.Z

  http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_dxf12.html



The spec for the most current version, DXF R13, is available at:



  ftp://ftp.synapse.net/private/c/cadsyst/misc/r13dxf.zip



And an excerpt of the DXF R10 specification may be found at:



  http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_dxf10.html



Many books detail the DXF format, including:



  The AutoCAD Database Book, F.H. Jones and L. Martin, Ventana Press,

    ISBN 0-940087-04-9. Order: 919.490.0062 voice.



  AutoCAD, The Complete Reference, 2nd Ed., Johnson, N., McGraw-Hill,

    New York, NY, 1991.



Additonal information may be obtained directly from Autodesk:



  Autodesk Inc.

  Autodesk Developer Marketing

  2320 Marinship Way

  Sausalito, CA 94965

  Voice: 415.491.8719

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.autodesk.com/

  WWW:   http://www.autodesk.com/



------------------------------



Subject: EMF - Microsoft Enhanced Metafile



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: EMF

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



The next generation Windows Metafile. EMF files are not supported by

the 16-bit Windows and OLE environments.



http://www.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/ENMETA.EXE

  This archive contains sample Windows code to manipulate EMF files.

  Two sample EMF files are included.



http://www.microsoft.com/developr/MSDN/OctCD/EMFDCO.ZIP

  This archive contains the Windows source code for the EMF 

  decoding utility.



http://www.microsoft.com/developr/MSDN/OctCD/ENHMET.ZIP

  This archive contains the ENHMETA.HLP help file that describes

  the EMF file format.



Also have a look at:



  http://www.microsoft.com/kb/developr/win32dk/q145999.htm

    Q145999 "SAMPLE: How to Create & Play Enhanced Metafiles in Win32"



  http://www.gentech.com/emf/win95emf.html

    Enhanced Metafile Test Suite



  http://www.r2m.com/windev/

    Internet Resources for Windows Developers



------------------------------



Subject: ENFF - Extended Neutral File Format



         Type: 

    Extension: 

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: EPS - Encapsulated PostScript



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: EPS

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5002.EPSF_Spec_v2.0.pdf



The PostScript Language Software Development Kit is available from the

creator of PostScript, Adobe Systems:



  Adobe Systems Inc.

  Attn: Adobe Systems Developer Support

  1585 Charleston Road

  P.O. Box 7900

  Mountain View, CA 94039-7900

  Voice: 415.961.7900

  Voice: 800.344.8335

  Fax:   415.961.3769



------------------------------



Subject: FACT



         Type: 

    Extension: 

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: FBM - Fuzzy Bitmap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



FBM is the native file format of the Fuzzy pixmap image manipulation and

conversion toolkit written by Michael L. Mauldin at Carnegie Mellon

University.



Code to manipulate FBM (and many other) file formats is found in the

FBM distrbution:



  ftp://nl.cs.cmu.edu/usr/mlm/ftp/fbm.tar.Z



------------------------------



Subject: FFIVW - File Format for the Interchange of Virtual Worlds



          Type: VRML

     Extension: ffivw

       Version: 

  Compression:

   Color Depth:

    Maintainer: Bernie Roehl <broehl@waterloo.ca>

                Kerry Bonin <74367.1630@compuserve.com>

 Specification: http://vrml.wired.com/proposals/ffivw.html



FFIVM is an ASCII-based, object-oriented format used to describe virtual

objects and worlds. This format is not intended to be a native file format

of any hardware or software platform, but instead to be used as an

interchange medium used for converting one VRML format to another.



------------------------------



Subject: FITS - Flexable Image Transport System



         Type: General data format

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



FITS is a standard data interchange and archival format used by

astronomy software. The FITS data format specification is part of the

NOST Standard and Uer's Guide, available from:



  ftp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/fits/



Other FITS resources include:



  FITS Support Office Home Page

  http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/fits/fits_home.html



  Displaying FITS Images

  http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/FITS.html



  http://fits.cv.nrao.edu/

  ftp://fits.cv.nrao.edu/fits>



FITS discussions also occur on the sci.data.formats and

sci.astro.fits Usenet newsgroups. Questions about FITS may also be

directed to fits@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov.



------------------------------



Subject: FLASHPIX



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression: JPEG

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Kodak http://www.kodak.com/

Specification: 



FLASHPIX is Kodak's latest "will do everything you will ever need" graphical

file format. It is based on the Microsoft OLE Structured Storage format that

all of Microsoft's newer data files use. The file format will be officially

released by Kodak in late September 1996 in cooperation with Microsoft,

Hewlett-Packard, and Live Picture.



You can get a marketing-oriented whitepaper that contains a very simple

techinical overview of the FLASHPIX format at:



  http://www.kodak.com/aboutKodak/cmo/drg/productsTechnologies/niftyTech.shtml



A two-page write up of FLASHPIX also appears in Photo Electronic Imaging

Magazine (Vol. 29, No. 7, 1996, pp. 18,22).



------------------------------



Subject: FLT - MultiGen Flight



         Type: 

    Extension: flt

      Version: 14.2.4 Rev A

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/opnflt.pdf



------------------------------



Subject: GDS - McDonnell-Douglas Things



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: GFO - SGI Radiosity



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: GIF - Graphics Interchange Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: GIF

      Version: 87a, 89a

  Compression: LZW

  Color Depth: 8-bit

   Maintainer: Compuserve

Specification: ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu:/misc/file.formats/graphics.formats/gif87a.doc

               ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu:/misc/file.formats/graphics.formats/gif89a.doc



GIF is a data stream-oriented file format used to define the transmission

protocol of LZW-encoded bitmap data. GIF images may be up to eight bits

(256 colors) in depth and are always compressed. Despite the fact that GIF

supports only 8-bits worth of colors, and the multimedia extensions

introduced in the 89a release have not been widely utilized, GIF still

remains a popular choice for storing lower resolution image data.



The GIF89a specification is available via many BBSs and on-line information

services. You may also obtain the specification directly from CompuServe:



  CompuServe Incorporated

  Attn: Graphics Technology Department

  5000 Arlington Center Boulevard

  Columbus, OH 43220

  Voice: 614.457.8600, 800.848.8199

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.compuserve.com/

  WWW:   http://www.compuserve.com/



Note: Any software created or modified after 01 January 1995 that supports

the capability of reading and/or writing GIF files must obtain a patent

license agreement from Unisys Corporation. See Part I of the FAQ for more

details on the Unisys GIF-LZW license agreements.



Here are a few links specializing in GIF89a animations:



  http://www.fastlane.net/~samiel/anim.shtml

    GIF Animation Secrets



  http://member.aol.com/royalef/gifanim.htm

    Royal Frazier's GIF Animation on the WWW



  http://www.peritas.com/~abw/multigif.html

    MultiGIF GIF89a Animation Utility



  http://www.iis.ee.ethz.ch/~kiwi/GIFMerge/

    GIFMerge Utility



------------------------------



Subject: GKS - Graphics Kernel System



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



GKS is a standard specifying the input and output primitives for displaying

2D and 3D graphical data. Although GKS has no native file format, the CGM

(Computer Graphics Metafile) format is often closely associated with its use.



The following ISO documents describe the GKS standard:



  ISO 7942    Functional Specification

  ISO 8651-1  Fortran Binding

  ISO 8651-2  Pascal Binding

  ISO 8651-3  Ada Binding

  ISO 8651-4  

  ISO 8805    GKS-3D

  ISO 8806    GKS-3D Bindings



These documents are available from ISO, ANSI, and CSA (see the CGM section

for the addresses of these organizations).



------------------------------



Subject: GrADS - GrADS Metafile



         Type: Metafile

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



  http://grads.iges.org/grads/

    Grid Analysis and Display System



  ftp://sprite.llnl.gov/pub/fiorino/grads/doc/grads.www/grads.htm

    GrADS Documentation



------------------------------



Subject: GRASP - Graphical System for Presentation



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



    Paul Mace Software Home Page

    http://www.pmace.com/pms.htm



------------------------------



Subject: GRIB - Gridded Binary



         Type: General data format

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Specification:



GRIB is the standard format for the storage and interchange of

meteorological data. Several "flavors" of GRIB exist, prompting the

original format to be called WMO GRIB. The format specification and

software may be found at:



  ftp://ncardata.ucar.edu/libraries/grib/

  ftp://nic.fb4.noaa.gov/pub/nws/nmc/docs/gribguide/guide.txt

 

The specification for the ECMWF GRIB format is at:



  ftp://ncardata.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.2/format

  ftp://ncardata.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.2/software





  UW-NMS Home Page

  http://java.meteor.wisc.edu/



------------------------------



Subject: HDF - Hierarchical Data Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/ncsa_hdf.pdf



HDF is an object-oriented interchange file format used to transport image

data from one machin architecture or operating system to another with no

conversion problems or loss of data. Both 8- and 24-bit raster images are

supported, color palettes, and data compression (RLE, Incomp, and JPEG).



The latest version of HDF is 3.3 and comes with a complete library of

functions for manipulating HDF files, includeding the netCDF library by

Unidata.



Information on HDF is available from The HDF Information Server maintained

by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications:



  http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8001/



The HDF FAQ is located at:



  http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu:8001/HDF-FAQ.html



Other HDF-related Web sites include:



    Heirarchial Data Format (HDF)

    http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/HDF/HDFIntro.html



The HDU 3.3 User's Guide in both PostScript and MIF format:



  ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF/Documentation/HDF3.3/Users_Guide/HDF3



Source code for HDF may be FTPed from:



  ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF



And HDF-related discussions may also be found on the Usenet newsgroup

sci.data.formats and in the FAQ for that newsgroup.



------------------------------



Subject: HDS - Hierarchical Data System



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: HPGL - Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HP-GL/2)



------------------------------



Subject: HPPCL - Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



PCL is capable of rendering both raster and vector graphics.



The official specification and toolkit for PCL is contained in the following

Hewlett-Packard manuals:



  PCL 5 Printer Language Technical Reference Manual

  PCL 5 Developer's Guide, 3rd Edition, Part No. 5002-1847



The technical reference manual contains a complete description of PCL 5. The

developer's guide contains many software examples illustracting how to

design PCL-compatable software. These maunals may be obtained directly from

Hewlett-Packard



------------------------------



Subject: HRF - Hitachi Raster Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: HRF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth: 1-bit

   Maintainer: Hitachi Corporation

Specification: Chris Till (Voice: 303.449.3200, Fax: 303.449.1996)



HRF is typcailly used to store scanner output data.



The HRF specification is not available unless a non-disclosure agreement

is signed with Hitachi.



------------------------------



Subject: IFF - Electronic Arts Interchange File Format



         Type: Bitmap, audio, multimedia

    Extension: IFF, LBM, and many more

      Version: 

  Compression: Uncompressed, PackBits

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



    Electronic Arts Home Page

    http://www.ea.com/



------------------------------



Subject: IGES - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



IGES is a set of protocols for the transfer and display of graphical

information on remote devices via a telephone or computer communications

network. IGES does not define any new graphical file formats, but instead

uses existing formats (such as CGM) to encapsulate graphical data.



IGES is associated with the NCGA (National Computer Graphics Association) and

is part of the U.S. Product Data Association (USPRO) and the IGES/PDES

Organization (IGO). The NCGA administers the National IGES User Group (NIUG),

which provides access to information on IGES.



To obtain the IGES specification, you must be a member of both NIUG and a

Regional Interest Group (RIG). The IGES specification is available through

the NCGA for $100US. For more information about the NIUG, RIGs, and IGES,

contact:



  National Computer Graphics Association

  2722 Merrilee Drive

  Suite 3200

  Fairfax, VA 22031 USA

  Voice: 703.698.9600



    IGES - Reference Documents

    http://elib.cme.nist.gov/nipde/stds/wh-iges.html



------------------------------



Subject: IM - Performer



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: IMA - Zenographics Mirage Graphics File Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Zenographics

Specification:



IMA is the native file format of the Zenographics Mirage program.

The older version of this format was used by Mirage v5.12 and

eariler. Mirage 5.20 introduced the newer version of IMA.



------------------------------



Subject: IMJ - Image JPEG



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



IMJ was created by Pegasus Image Corporation as a variation of the JFIF file

format. IMJ is essentially a JFIF file with a Microsoft Windows BMP header

and enhanced palette optimization. The IMJ format is used in several

screensaver applications, and by orgainizations such as Delrina and the

National Center for Missing Children.



See the section describing the PIC - Pegasus Imaging Corporation Format

for more information.



------------------------------



Subject: INGR - Intergraph Raster File Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: Many (not standardized)

      Version: 3

  Compression: RLE, CCITT Group 4, JPEG, quad tree, Uncompressed

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Intergraph Corporation <http://www.intergraph.com/>

Specification: ftp://ftp.intergraph.com/pub/bbs/scan/note/rffrgps.zip



Intergraph publishes the INGR format specification in the following document:



  "Intergraph Raster File Format Reference Guide", Intergraph Corporation,

  DRA220700, March 1994, Version 3.2.0, 84 pages.



You may order this specifiction from:



  Scanning Systems Division

  Intergraph Corporation

  Huntsville, AL 35894-0001 USA

  Voice: 205-730-5441, 800-345-4856

  Fax:   205-730-9441

  BBS:   205-730-8786

  Email: info@intergraph.com

  WWW:   http://www.intergraph.com/

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.intergraph.com/



It is also available in PostScript format on Intergraph's FTP site.

Sampleimages are availble at:



  ftp://ftp.intergraph.com/pub/bbs/scan/note/bilevel.exe



------------------------------



Subject: IRTP - Graphicon-2000 Interactive Real-Time PHIGS



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: IV - SGI Inventor



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: IV-VRML - Inventor VRML Format



         Type: VRML

    Extension: iv

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Silicon Graphics

Specification: http://www.sgi.com/tech/Inventor/VRML/VRMLDesign.html



------------------------------



Subject: JBIG - Joint Bilevel Image Group



         Type: Compression Method

    Extension: Not specified by specification

      Version: 

  Compression: JBIG

  Color Depth: 1-bit (see text)

   Maintainer: ISO, IEC and ITU

Specification:



JBIG is a lossless method for compressing black and white (1-bit) raster

image data. Its primary benefit is as a method for transmitting bi-level

image data across a communications channel. JBIG's progressive encoding

scheme allows lower resolution version of the image to be sent first,

followed by higher resolution images which build on the previously

transmitted data (e.g. 75, 150, 300, 450, and 600 DPI). This capability makes

JBIG ideal for replacing less-efficient document imaging transmissions

methods, such as CCITT Group 3 & 4, but thus far JBIG has not been marketed

in such a way as to make this possible.



There is no official JBIG file format. You just dump a JBIG data stream into

a disk for tape file, give it the extension JBG or JBIG, and you have a JBIG

file.



JBIG is jointly sponsored by the ITU (CCITT) and ISO/IEC JTCI/SC29

committees. The JBIG standard may be found in the following documents:



  Information technology -- Coded representation of picture and audio

    information -- Progressive bi-level image compression, ISO/IEC 11544:1993 



  ITU/CCITT Recommendation T.82



------------------------------



Subject: JCAMP



------------------------------



Subject: JFIF - JPEG File Interchange Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: JPG

      Version: 1.02

  Compression: JPEG

  Color Depth: 24-bits

   Maintainer: C-Cube

Specification: See below



JFIF is a data stream-oriented file format used to define the transmission of

JPEG-encoded bitmap data. The specification for JFIF may be obtained directly

from C-Cube Microsystems:



  C-Cube Microsystems

  Attn: Scott Sinclair

  Corporate Communications

  1778 McCarthy Blvd.

  Milpitas, CA 95035

  Voice: 408.944.6300

  Fax:   408.944.6314



The Independent JPEG Group archive on ftp.uu.net also contains an on-line

copy of the JFIF specification and additional JPEG information as:



  ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jfif.ps.gz

  ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpeg.documents.gz



If you need code to read/write JFIF files and/or a JPEG data stream, then

please use the IJG's JPEG library, available at:



  ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/



Any other questions you have about JPEG will be answered by Tom Lane's

JPEG FAQ, which may be found at:



  comp.graphics.misc

  http://www.smartpages.com/faqs/jpeg-faq/top.html

  ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/



------------------------------



Subject: LSA/LSB - Lightscape Technologies ASCII and Binary



         Type: 

    Extension: 

      Version: 

  Compression:


  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: 



------------------------------



Subject: LWOB - Lightwave Object Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: IFF

      Version: 2.0

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.pb.net/usrwww/w_limg/LWOB.HTM

               http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_lightwave.html



LightWave is part of a suite of application that is bundled with the

Amiga Video Toster system. LightWave 3D objects are stored as IFF files 

with a FORM type of LWOB. Other chunks stored in a FORM LWOB file are

PNTS, SRFS, SURF, CRVS, and POLS chunk.



Also have a look at the LightWave newsgroup:

        

  comp.graphics.apps.lightwave



------------------------------



Subject: MedFileS



------------------------------



Subject: MGF - Materials and Geometry Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: mgf

      Version: 1.1

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: full spectral colors (i.e., infinite)

   Maintainer: Greg Ward <GJWard@lbl.gov>

Specification: http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/HOME.html



MGF is an ASCII-based 3D rendering format designed to model surface geometry

and materials for the purpose of visible-light simulation and rendering.  The

overall objective of this format is to provide a very simple yet fairly

complete modeling language that does not place unreasonable demands on the

applications programmer or the object library creator.



The materials are physically-based and rely on standard and well-accepted

definitions of color, reflectance and transmittance for good accuracy and

reproducibility. The geometry is based on boundary representation using

simple geometric primitives such as polygons, spheres and cones. The file

format itself is terse but human-readable ASCII text.  Translators are

available from 3D Studio and Radiance rendering formats, and to Inventor,

VRML and Radiance.  An ANSI-C standard parser is freely distributed, along

with many models and examples at the official web site.



The format specification is available bundled with an MGF file reader

and is distributed in the file mgflib0.7.tar.Z on the following sites:



  http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/HOME.html

  ftp://hobbes.lbl.gov/www/mgf



The MGF software is currently in its second official release (version 1.1).

Questions about MGF should be directed to:



Greg Ward

Voice: 510.486.4757

Fax:   510.486.4757

Email: GJWard@lbl.gov



------------------------------



Subject: MIFF - Magick Image File Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



MIFF is a bitmap format native to the ImageMagick toolkit which runs under

the X Window System. ImageMagick is capable of displaying and converting a

variety of still and animated graphics file formats.



The specification for MIFF is available in the ImageMagick distribution

available from:



  ftp://ftp.wizards.dupont.com/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.7.tar.gz



For more information about ImageMagick and MIFF, contact:



  duPont de Nemour & Company

  Attn: John Cristy

  Central Research and Development

  Experimental Station

  P.O. Box 80328

  Room 162-A

  Wilmington, DE 19880-0328

  Voice: 302.695.1159

  Email: cristy@dupont.com



------------------------------



Subject: MNG - Multiple Network Graphics



         Type: Bitmap, animation

    Extension: MNG

      Version: 

  Compression: GZIP + optional filtering, delta images

  Color Depth: 1 to 48 bits

   Maintainer: MNG discussion list, mpng-list@dworkin.wustl.edu

Specification: ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/mng/documents/



MNG (pronounced "ming") is a proposed multiple-image

extension of the PNG (Portable Network Graphics) format.

To join the discussion list working on this format,

send the message body "help" to mpng-list-request@dworkin.wustl.edu.



------------------------------



Subject: MSDL - Manchester Scene Description Language



         Type: 3D

    Extension: msdl

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://hobbes.lbl.gov/www/mgf/HOME.html



------------------------------



Subject: MTL - Wavefront



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: NAPLPS - North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



NAPLPS is a protocol for transferring ASCII-based graphical information to

remote terminals via a communications channel (telephone systems, computer

networks, and so forth). It is specifically designed to provide usable

information transfer rates, even at data rates as low as 2400bps.



NAPLPS is used by many Videotext services, Prodigy, the commercial on-line

information service, and in standalone information kiosk systems. 



Although there is no NAPLPS file format, NAPLPS data streams are often saved

as files, and the files are then referred to as using the "NAPLPS file

format".



The NAPLPS specification is a standards documents available through ANSI, ISO,

or CSA. (See the CGM section for the addresses of these organizations). The

CSA document (T500-1983) also contains a supplement (1-1991) which is not

included in the ANSI version of this standard.  



Further information may be found in the February, March, April, and May 1983

issues of Byte Magazine. These articles explain much of the NAPLPS coding

system and discuss the potential for NAPLPS.



Michael Dillon has authored a paper on NAPLPS and started a NAPLPS section on

SIMTEL20, which may be access via the mirror site:



  ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/simtel/msdos/naplps  



Michael Dillon may be contacted at:



  CompuServe: 71532,137

  Internet:   mpdillon@halcyon.halcyon.com

  BBS:        604.546.2705

  

The BBS also contains NAPLPS Shareware and art.



------------------------------



Subject: netCDF - Network Common Data Format



         Type: 

    Extension: 

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 



  http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/

  netCDF Home Page



  http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/utilities.html

  Software for Manipulating or Displaying NetCDF Data



  ftp://ftp.unidata.ucar.edu/pub/netcdf/

  netCDF Software Distribution



------------------------------



Subject: NFF - Haines Neutral File Format



         Type: 

    Extension: NFF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Eric Haines &lterich@eye.com&gt

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_nff.html



NFF is a minimal scene description language used to test rendering algorithms

and efficiency schemes. It supports basic geometry of objects, surface

characteristics, placement of lights, color of objects, and the viewing angle

of the human eye. NFF is ASCII-based and is used with the Standard Procedural

Database (SPD) software package used for creating databases for testing

rendering schemes.



The specification for NFF is available on numerous FTP sites which archive

file format documents, such as:



  ftp://zamenhof.cs.rice.edu/pub/graphics.formats



and is available along with the SPD test programs, which produce NFF objects:



  ftp://ftp.princeton.edu/pub/Graphics/SPD



You may also contact the author of NFF:



  Eric Haines

  3D/Eye Inc.

  1050 Craft Road

  Ithica, NY 14850

  Email: erich@eye.com



------------------------------



Subject: NFF - WorldToolKit Neutral File Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: nff bff

      Version: 2.1

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Sense8 Incorporated

Specification: ftp://avalon.vislab.navy.mil/pub/format_specs

               http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_nffwtk.html



The WorldToolKit Neutral File Format is a creation of Sense8 for their

WorldToolKit software product. WorldToolKit is a C language library providing

the functionality needed to do virtual reality, including file parsing,

sensor drivers, object management, behavior, and rendering.



Sense8's NFF format was loosely adapted from the Videoscape (.geo) format,

with the addition of 12-bit color, per-polygon texture application, and

portals. It was later extended to support vertex normals, 24-bit color, and

vertex uv coordinates. The current version of NFF is 2.1.



Sense8 also supports a binary format of NFF called BFF (.bff file extension)

The BFF format layout and order is identical to the ASCII version, with the

exception that only 24-bit, and not 12-bit, colors are not supported.



The WorldToolKit Neutral File Format was created and is maintained by:



  Sense8

  100 Shoreline Hwy. Ste. 282

  Mill Valley, CA 94941

  Voice: 415.331.6318

  Fax:   415.331.9148

  Email: info@sense8.com

  WWW:   http://www.sense8.com/



Questions about Sense8's NFF format should be directed to:



  Ben Discoe <ben@sense8.com>



------------------------------



Subject: NITF - National Imagery Transmission Format



         Type: Page Layout

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Defense Information Systems Agency

Specification:



The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (Version 2.0) is documented

as a collection of military standards documents. The actual file format is

documented in the following standard:



  MIL-STD-2500, National Imagery Transmission Format (Version 2.0) for

    the National Imagery Transmission Format Standard, 18 June 1993



The remaining standards are as follows:



  MIL-HDBK-1300, National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (NITFS),

    18 June 1993

  MIL-STD-3201, Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) Implementation Standard

    for the National Imagery Transmission Format Standard, 18 June 1993

  MIL-STD-188-196, Bi-Level Image Compression for the National Imagery 

    Transmission Format Standard, 18 June 1993

  MIL-STD-188-197 Adaptive Recursive Interpolated Differential Pulse

    Code Modulation (ARIDPCM) Compression Algorithm for the National

    Imagery Transmission Format Standard, 18 June 1993

  MIL-STD-188-198A, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Image Compression

    for the National Imagery Transmission Format Standard, 15 December 1993

  MIL-STD-188-199, Vector Quantization Decompression for the National Imagery

    Transmission Format Standard, 27 June 1994

  MIL-STD-245-44500, Tactical Communications Protocol 2 (TACO2) for the

    National Imagery Transmission Format Standard, 18 June 1993

  JIEO Circular 9008, National Imagery Transmission Format Standards (NITFS)

    Certification Test & Evaluation Program Plan, 30 June 1993



The NITFS standards may be obtained via FTP from the ITSI (Information

Technology Standards Integrated) BBS at:



  ftp://jcdbs.2000.disa.mil/pub/library



ITSI BSS may also be reached by modem at 703.834.6501 (14.4kbps, N-8-1).



To receive hardcopies any or all of these documents, send a request via mail,

fax, or email to:



  DISA/JIEO/CFS/TBCE

  c/o Logicaon

  Fay Mignone

  1831 Wiehle Avenue

  Reston, VA 22090 USA

  Fax:   703.318.1098  Attn: Fay Mignone

  Email: mignone@cdbs.itsi.disa.mil



or:



  Defense Information Systems Agency

  Center for Standards

  Carol Ciepiela

  Attn: TBCE, Rm 3304

  10701 Parkridge Blvd

  Reston, VA 22091 USA

  Voice: 703.487.3536

  Email: edi@itsi.disa.mil



Questions may be directed to:



  NITFS Certification Test Facility

  Voice: 602.538.5458 x5494



And NITF Web pagea include:



  http://www.tasc.com/NITFS/

    NITFS Home Page



  http://www.itsi.disa.mil/ismc/ntb/ntb.html

    The NITFS Technical Board



  http://topaz.sensor.com/work/fmt/nitf/



------------------------------



Subject: OBJ - Wavefront Object



         Type: 

    Extension: obj

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/off.pdf



------------------------------



Subject: ODIF - Open Document Interchange Format



         Type: Binary

    Extension: .odf

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Open Document Architecture Consortium (ODAC)

Specification: http://www.itu.ch/itudoc/itu-t/rec/t.html



The Open Document Interchange Format (ODIF) is the data stream interchange

format associated with the Open Document Architecture (ODA).  ODA is an

object-oriented document architecture for the description of both the logical

layot stuctures of a docuemnt. ODA also supports the transfer of documents in

processable form. The ODA and ODIF standard is described in ITU docuemnts

T.411 through T.421.



More information on ODIF files and ODA is available from:



  ODAC

  Avenue Marcel Thiry 204

  1200 Brussels

  Belgium

  Voice: +32 2 774 9623

  Fax:   +32 2 774 9690

  WWW:   http://titan.orem.novell.com/



------------------------------



Subject: ODL - Object Description Language



------------------------------



Subject: OFF - Object File Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: off

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



OFF was developed in 1986 at Digital Equipment Corporation's Workstation

Systems Engineering for the interchange and archiving of 3D objects. OFF is

an ASCII-based format and is independent of languages, devices, and operating

systems.



The specification for OFF is:



  Rost, Randi, OFF--A 3D Object File Format, November 6, 1986 (updated

    October 12, 1989).



The OFF archive is available at:



  ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/



This archive contains the format specification, tools, and objects. It is not

currently supported and is copyrighted.



------------------------------



Subject: OpenMath



------------------------------



Subject: PBM - Portable Bitmap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The Portable greymap file format is part of the Extended Portable Bitmap

Utilities (PBMPLUS). PBM is used as an intermediate format for storing

monochrome bitmap information generated by the PBMPLUS toolkit. PBM files may

be either binary or ASCII and store data one-bit-per-pixel in size.



Information and source code for PBM can be found in the distribution for

PBMPLUS located at:



  ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/packages/pbmplus/pbmplus10dec91.tar.Z



The specification for the PBM format can also be found in the manual page for

pbm(5) on many Unix systems.



------------------------------



Subject: PCX - ZSoft Paint



         Type: Raster

    Extension: PCX, PCC

      Version: 

  Compression: RLE

  Color Depth: 1 to 24 bits

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



PCX is one of the oldest bitmapped formats popularized by MS-DOS paint

programs that first appeared in the early 1980's. PCX files may store mapped

and unmapped image data from 1- to 24-bits in pixel depth, always contain

RLE-compressed image data, and are recognized by almost all still-image

graphics programs ever written.



But because of the kludged evolution of the PCX format (caused partly by the

efforts of Zsoft to continue to support the ever-changing world of graphics

display adapters) it is generally advised that the MS Windows BMP format be

used in place of PCX whenever possible.



Once upon a time ZSoft was bought by Wordstar, who was then bought by

SoftKey. It is not currently known if anyone distributes the original,

poorly written, specification for PCX. No matter, as most book on graphics

file format completely describe the PCX format.



------------------------------



Subject: PDF - Portable Document Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



PDF files are viewable using Adobe's Acrobat Reader 2.0 program.



PDF was created and is maintained by Adobe Systems Incorporated:



  Adobe Systems Incorporated

  1585 Charleston Road P.O. Box 7900

  Mountain View, CA 94039-7900

  Voice: 415.961.4400

  Voice: 415.961.4111 (Developer Support)

  Fax:   415.961.3769



Sample PDF images files may be found at:



  ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Acrobat/PDFsamples/



The Adobe Acrobat Software Developer's Kits for Unix, Macintosh, Microsoft

Windows, and MS-DOS may be found at:



  ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Acrobat/SDK/



You can download a PDF plug-in for your Web browser from:



  ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Acrobat/



Additional PDF information may also be gathered from Adobe's home Web page:



  http://www.adobe.com/



------------------------------



Subject: PDS - Planetary Data System Format



         Type: General data format

    Extension: PDS

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: NASA

Specification:



PDS was created by the Planetary Branch of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) to store solar, lunar, and planetary data collected both

on Earth and by spacecraft. And as with most U.S. Government documents, the

specification is quite large and spread over several documents:



  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Standard for the Preparation and Interchange of

    Data Sets, JPL Document D-4683, NASA, Pasadena, CA, 1988.

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Data Preparation Workbook,

    JPL Document D-7669, NASA, Pasadena, CA, 1990.

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planetary Data System Standards Reference,

    JPL Document D-4683, NASA, Pasadena, CA, 1990.

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Specification for the Object Description

    Language, NASA, Pasadena, CA, 1990.



These documents are available from:



  NASA

  Planetary Branch

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory

  Mail Stop 525-3610

  4800 Oak Grove Drive

  Pasadena, CA 91109

  Voice: 818.354.7587

  Email: PDS_Operator@jplpds.jpl.nasa.gov



The PDS Standards Reference Document may also be found at:



  http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/stdref/stdref.htm



------------------------------



Subject: PGM - Portable Greymap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The Portable greymap file format is part of the Extended Portable Bitmap

Utilities (PBMPLUS). PGM is used as an intermediate format for storing

greyscale bitmap information generated by the PBMPLUS toolkit. PGM files may

be either binary or ASCII and store pixel values up to 8 bits in size.



Information and source code for PGM can be found in the distribution for

PBMPLUS (see the section on the PBM format for information on PBMPLUS). The

specification for the PGM format can also be found in the manual page for

pgm(5) on many Unix systems.



------------------------------



Subject: PHD - PolyHedra Database



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: PIC - Lotus PIC Graphics Format



         Type: Vector

    Extension: PIC

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: PIC - Micrografx Draw! Graphics Format



         Type: Vector

    Extension: PIC

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Micrografx

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: PIC - Pegasus Imaging Corporation Format



         Type: 

    Extension: PIC

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



  Pegasus Image Corporation

  4350 W. Cypress Street, Suite 908

  Tampa, FL 33607

  Voice: 813.875.7575

  Fax:   813.875.7705

  BBS:   813.874.5515  Name: guest guest, Password: demo

  CIS:   GO PEGASUS



------------------------------



Subject: PIC - Video Show Graphics Format



         Type: PIC

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: General Parametrics Corporation

Specification:



Native file format used by the General Parametrics Corporation Video

Show Film Recorder.





------------------------------



Subject: PICT - Macintosh Picture



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Apple Computer 

Specification:



The book Inside Macintosh, Volume 5, contains a description of PICT.

The Macintosh Technical note #27 also describes PICT.

The book Inside Machintosh: Quicktime, describes PICT-JPEG.



You can obtain the Inside Macintosh books in electronic form from:



  http://dev.info.apple.com/insidemac.html



  ftp://ftp.info.apple.com/Apple.Support.Area/Developer_Services/Technical_Documentation/Inside_Macintosh

  ftp://ftp.info.euro.apple.com/Apple.Support.Area/Developer_Services/Technical_Documentation/Inside_Macintosh



------------------------------



Subject: PIX - Inset Pix



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



    Quarterdeck Home Page

    http://www.insetusa.com/



------------------------------



Subject: PLY - ZipPack



         Type: 3D

    Extension: ply

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Silicon Graphics

Specification:



PLY is a polygon mesh format used by the Silicon Graphics ZipPack program.



ZipPack includes the program ply which reads and writes the PLY file format.

The ZipPack distribution is available at:



  ftp://graphics.stanford.edu/pub/zippack



The ZipPack distribution is also available from the ZipPack Web page:



  http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/software/zippack



------------------------------



Subject: PNG - Portable Network Graphics



         Type: Raster

    Extension: PNG

      Version: 

  Compression: RLE

  Color Depth: 1 to 48 bits

   Maintainer: Tom Boutell

Specification: http://www.boutell.com/boutell/png/



PNG (pronounced "ping"), Portable Network Graphics, is a new bitmap format

whose creation was spurred by the unfortunate legal situation surrounding

the GIF format.  The PNG specification explains its basic rationale thus:



  The PNG format provides a portable, legally unencumbered, well-compressed,

  well-specified standard for lossless bitmapped image files.  Although the

  initial motivation for developing PNG was to replace GIF, the design

  provides some useful new features not available in GIF, with minimal cost

  to developers.



The PNG specification is now frozen, and has been approved as a W3C

Recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium.  It has also been

approved as an informational RFC, but (as of Jan 1997) has not yet been

formally issued by IETF.



Questions about PNG may be asked on the comp.graphics.misc newsgroup, or via

email at:



  png-info@uunet.uu.net



Several PNG-related mailing lists are available:



  png-list@dworkin.wustl.edu        General PNG discussion

  png-announce@dworkin.wustl.edu    Announcements related to PNG (low volume)

  png-implement@dworkin.wustl.edu   Discussion of PNG implementations



To find out more about the mailing list server, send mail to

png-list-request@dworkin.wustl.edu with the word "help" (and nothing else)

in the message body.



The official PNG FTP archive is:



  ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/



which is currently mirrored at



  ftp://swrinde.nde.swri.edu/pub/png/



The archives include the specification text in several formats (the spec

is also available from W3C at the URL cited above), a reference

implementation in portable C (still in development, as of 1996), and sets

of test images.  Note that in the case of any discrepancy between the

specification and the reference implementation, the specification is to be

considered correct and the code in error.



The PNG group has a home page with pointers to many other PNG resources at:



  http://www.wco.com/~png/



PNG's very first journal article has appeared:



  PNG: The Portable Network Graphic Format, Dr. Dobb's Journal, 

    Lee Daniel Crocker, #232 July 1995 (Vol 20, Issue 7), pp. 36-44.



The code for the above issues are available at:



  ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj/1995/1995.07/ptot.zip



And another article:



  Portable Network Graphics, Web Techniques, Paul Atzberger and 

    Andrew Zolli, Vol 1. Issue 9, December 1996, pp. 65-70.



See also MNG (Multiple Network Graphics)



------------------------------



Subject: PPM - Portable Pixmap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The Portable pixmap file format is part of the Extended Portable Bitmap

Utilities (PBMPLUS). PPM is used as an intermediate format for storing color

bitmap information generated by the PBMPLUS toolkit. PPM files may be either

binary or ASCII and store pixel values up to 24 bits in size.



Information and source code for PPM can be found in the distribution for

PBMPLUS (see the section on the PBM format for information on PBMPLUS). The

specification for the PPM format can also be found in the manual page for

ppm(5) on many Unix systems.



------------------------------



Subject: POL - InnovMetric Software Polygon Models Format



         Type: 3D

    Extension: pol

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/files/pol.pdf



POL is the native 3D file format for software products created by InnovMetric

Software. The POL format was created to fill the need of storing data

representing multi-contour, simple, planular, polygons using a binary file

format.



InnovMetric Software is developing a complete line of software products for

building 3-D polygonal models using a 3-D imaging system. Two of these

software tools are targeted at real-time 3-D graphics applications.

IMCompress and IMFilter are two complementary tools for optimally reducing

the number of polygons in a 3-D model. IMCompress uses a surface-based

algorithm to downsize highly redundant models such as Digital Terrain Models

and polygonal models generated by a CAD or a 3-D imaging system. IMFilter

uses a volume-based algorithm to create ultra-compact models (20 to 500

triangles) for level of details management in applications requiring

real-time 3-D graphics.



The POL file format specification is primarily distributed as Appendix B of

the IMCompress User's Guide published by InnovMetric Software. The

specification is also available in PostScript format as the file pol.ps in a

few of the graphics file format specification archived listed in part 1 of

this FAQ.



POL was created and is maintained by:



  InnovMetric Software Inc.

  2065 Charest ouest, Suite 218

  Sainte-Foy, Quebec

  Canada, G1N 2G1  



Questions about POL may be directed to:



  Marc Soucy <msoucy@imetric.qc.ca>



------------------------------



Subject: POV - Persistence of Vision Raytracing



         Type: 3D scene description language

    Extension: pov

      Version: 2.2

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: POV-Ray Team

Specification: ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/Official/docs/povdoc-2_2.zip



The POV-Ray format is used to store a scene description language used by the

POV-Ray ray tracing software package. POV-Ray files are always ASCII to allow

easy transportation between different file systems.



The specification for the POV file format and scene description language is

found in the file povray.doc in the POV-Ray distribution. You may obtain

this file (and the entire POV-Ray package) from the official POV-Ray FTP

archive and Web sites: 

  

  ftp://ftp.povray.org/pub/povray/Official/docs/povdoc-2_2.zip

  http://www.povray.org/pub/povray/Official/docs/povdoc-2_2.zip



or from these official mirror sites:



  ftp://alfred.ccs.carleton.ca/

  ftp://uniwa.uwa.edu.au/

 

Questions about POV-Ray may also be direct to:



  Chris Young

  POV-Team Coordinator

  76702.1655@compuserve.com



or to the comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing newsgroup on Usenet.



The following is an excellent book on ray tracing using the POV-Ray tracing

software package for the PC:



  Ray Tracing Creations: Generate 3D Photo-Realistic Images on the PC,

    Drew Wells and Chris Young, Waite Group Press 1993.



It is also worth noting that not only is POV-Ray an excellent ray

tracing package, but its source and binaries are availble for most

systems and widely distributed free of cost.



------------------------------



Subject: PS - PostScript



         Type: Page Description Language

    Extension: PS

      Version: 

  Compression: None, LZW

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification:



PostScript was created and is maintained by Adobe Systems Incorporated:



  Adobe Systems Incorporated

  1585 Charleston Road P.O. Box 7900

  Mountain View, CA 94039-7900

  Voice: 415.961.4400

  Voice: 415.961.4111 (Developer Support)

  Fax:   415.961.3769

  BBS:   206.623.6984 (14.4-N-8-1)

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.adobe.com/

  WWW:   http://www.adobe.com/



The primary source of PostScript formation may be found in the Adobe

PostScript Langauge books:



  Red Book:   Postscript Language Reference Manual, 2nd ed.

                Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-18127-4,

                $26.95US softcover

                  

  Blue Book:  Postscript Language Tutorial and Cookbook, 

                Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-10179-3,

                $16.95US softcover

                  

  Green Book: PostScript Language Program Design,

                Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-14396-8,

                $22.95US softcover

                  

  Black Book: Adobe Type 1 Font Format Specification,

                Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-57044-0,

                $14.95US softcover



  Purple Book: Programming the Display PostScript System with NeXTstep,

                Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-58135-3,

                $26.95US softcover



You may order these books directly from Adobe Systems in Mountain View,

California, by calling 1.800.83.FONTS (U.S. and Canada only) or 415.961.4400

(ask for "Inside Sales"). Or from Hayden Publishing at 1.800.428.5331.





Additional information on PostScript may be found on Adobe's FTP server and

Web site:



  ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/DeveloperSupport/Technotes/

  http://www.adobe.com/



The Usenet newsgroup comp.lang.postscript covers issues relating to the Adobe

PostScript language. The PostScript FAQ is available at:



  http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/postscript-faq/top.html



The Usenet newsgroup comp.fonts also covers issues relating to fonts. The

comp.fonts FAQ is available at:



  http://jasper.ora.com/comp.fonts/FAQ/



The Usenet newsgroup comp.sources.postscript contains source code of

PostScript programs. Other newsgroups that may be of interest are: 

comp.periphs.printers, comp.laser-printers, comp.text.pdf, comp.text.desktop,

and comp.publish.prepress.



The Encapsulated PostScript specification (v2.0) may be found at:



  http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5002.EPSF_Spec_v2.0.pdf



------------------------------



Subject: PSD - Adobe Photoshop



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: PSD

      Version: 3.0

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification:



PSD is the native bitmap file format of the Adobe Photoshop graphical editing

application. PSD files have the extension .PSD under MS Windows and the file

type code 8PBS on the Macintosh.



Other file formats associated with Photoshop include: Arbitrary Map (.AMP),

Brushed (.ABR), Color Table (.ACT), Colors (.ACO), Command Buttens (.ACM),

Curves (.ACV), Duotone Options (.ADO), Halftone Screens (.AHS),

Hue/Saturation (.HSS), Ink Colors Setup (.API), Custom Kerenel (.ACF), Levels

(.ALV), Monitor Setup (.AMS), Replace Color/Color Range (.AXT), Scratch Area

(.ASR), Selective Color (.ASV), Separation Setup (.ASP), Separation Tables

(.AST), and Transfer Function (.ATF). 



The format specification for PSD 2.5 and other file formats associated

with Adobe Photoshop may be found in the document PSAPIDOC.*

(distributed in the Microsoft Write, Macintosh MacWrite, and Adobe

Acrobat format) under the heading "Document File Formats".

These documents are part of the Photoshop Plug-In Software Developers

Kit, available via FTP and from the Adobe Developers Association's

home page:



  http://www.adobe.com/Support/ADA.html

  ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Applications/Photoshop/*/Plug-In-SDK/



This SDK is also available directly from Adobe (see the PostScript section

for information on how to contact Adobe Systems, Inc.).



The specification for the Adobe Photoshop Raw File Format may be found at:



  http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/custsupport/SOLUTIONS/25c6.htm



------------------------------



Subject: PTU - Performer Terrain Utilities



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: QT - QuickTime



         Type: Multimedia

    Extension: QT

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Apple Computer

Specification:



You can obtain the Inside Macintosh books in electronic form from:



  http://dev.info.apple.com/insidemac.html



The complete QuickTime section from Inside Macintosh in PDF formats is

available at:



  http://dev.info.apple.com/Developer_Services/Technical_Documentation/Inside_Macintosh/QuickTime/CompleteBookPkg/







------------------------------



Subject: QTVR - QuickTime VR



         Type: Scene

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: Object Movie http://dev.info.apple.com/Technotes/tn1036.html

               Panorama Movie http://dev.info.apple.com/Technotes/tn1035.html



You can find the QuickTime VR FAQ at

http://dev.info.apple.com/techqa/qtvr/qtvr.html



Contact Apple Developer Support at DEVSUPPORT@applelink.apple.com.



To join the QuickTime Developer mailing list, send an email to

listproc@abs.apple.com with the body "subscribe quicktime-dev

yourfirstname yourlastname".



------------------------------



Subject: RAD - Radience



         Type: 3D

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Greg Ward <gjward@lbl.gov>

Specification:



RAD is the native file format for the public domain Unix Radiance radiosity

renderer. An MS-DOS version is available as part of the ADELINE 1.0 package.



The RAD specification and Radience package are available at:



  http://radsite.lbl.gov/radience/HOME.html



For information on ADELINE, check out:



  http://radsite.lbl.gov/adeline/HOME.html



------------------------------



Subject: RAS - Sun Rasterfile



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: ras

      Version: 

  Compression: None, RLE

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Sun Microsystems

Specification:



Sun rasterfile is the native bitmap format of Sun Microsystem Unix systems.

The rasterfile format has become more wide-spread with the growing popularity

of the SunOS operating system and Sun SPARCStation family of Unix

workststaions.



Sun rasterfiles store images up to 32 bits in pixel depth and support a basic

for of run-length data compression.



The primary source of information for Sun Rasterfiles is the SunOS include

file /usr/include/rasterfile.h and the rasterfile online manual page:



  Sun Microsystems, rasterfile (5), Sun OS 4.0 Programmer's Manual, 1990.



The following jounal article is devoted to the Sun rasterfile:



  McGee, Format for Byte-Encoded Rasterfiles, Sun-Spots Digest, Volume 6,

  Issue 84.



And several books on graphics file formats also feature the rasterfile format.



------------------------------



Subject: RAY - Rayshade



         Type: 3D

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



Rayshade is a ray-tracing application for the Unix environment. The

Rayshade format is the native scene description language used by Rayshade.

And like most 3D scene-rendering formats it is ASCII-based and supports

most features commonly found in these formats.



The specification is available in the Rayshade distribution on many BBSs

and FTP archive sites. The official Rayshade FTP site is:



  ftp://princeton.edu/pub/Graphics/



And the format is detailed in the document:



  Rayshade 4.0 Quick Reference



The author may be contacted at:



  Princeton University

  Attn: Craig Kolb

  Department of Computer Science

  35 Olden Street

  Princeton, NJ 08544

  Email: cek@princeton.edu



------------------------------



Subject: RFT-DCA - Revisable-Form Text Document Content Architecture



         Type: Word processing

    Extension: RFT

      Version: Many

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: IBM Corporation

Specification:



RFT was developed by IBM for transfering documents between IBM and non-IBM

word processing systems. It is most commonly assocated with the DisplayWrite

word processor on the IBM 360, 370, and AS/400 systems. Information on

RFT-DCA may be found in the following IBM document:



  Document Content Architecture: Revisable-Form-Text Reference,

    Document SC23-0758-1, Second Edition, August 1986



RFT is often confused with the Microsoft RTF (Rich Text Format), which also

enables the portability of word processing documents between dis-similar

systems.



------------------------------



Subject: RAW - Photoshop RAW



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: RAW

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: 24-bit

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: http://www.adobe.com/



A Photoshop Raw file is a Photoshop PSD file without a header. The header

information must be entered when the file is imported into Photoshop. The

raw format is used import and export bitmap data using a very simple,

uncompressed binary format.



------------------------------



Subject: RIB - Renderman Interface Bytestream



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



The RenderMAN file format specification may be found in the following

document available from Pixar: 



  The RenderMAN Interface, Version 3.1, September 1989. San Rafael, CA.



  Pixar

  1001 West Cutting Blvd.

  Richmond, California 9484 USA

  Voice: 415.236.4000



Also of interest is the following publication:



  The RenderMan Companion: A Programmer's Guide to Realistic Computer

    Graphics, Steve Upstill, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,

    ISBN 0-201-50868-0, $26.95



------------------------------



Subject: RIFF - Microsoft Resource Interchange File Format



         Type: Multimedia

    Extension: AVI, BND, WAV

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



  Microsoft Corporation

  Attn: Multimedia System Group

  Product Marketing

  One Microsoft Way

  Redmond, WA 98052-6399

  Voice: 206.882.8080

  BBS:   206.637.9009



Information on RIFF may be found in the following documents:



  Microsoft Windows Multimedia Programmer's Guide, Microsoft

  Corporation, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA.



  Microsoft Windows Multimedia Programmer's Reference, Microsoft

  Corporation, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA.



The specification is also available in the Microsoft Multimedia Development

Kit (MDK), the Microsoft Video for Windows Development Kit (VFWDK), and

the Microsoft Developers Network CDs.



  ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/Multimedia/Jumpstart/VfW11e/DK/VFWDK/

    Video for Windows Development Kit, v1.1e



Also have a look at:



  http://www.r2m.com/windev/

    Internet Resources for Windows Developers



------------------------------



Subject: RIX - ColoRIX Image File



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: RIX

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



ColorRIX is the native bitmap format of the ColorRIX VGA Paint application

for MS-DOS.



The ColorRIX format is documented in the ColorRIX VGA Paint manual

distributed with the ColorRIX program. The last known address of 

RIX Softworks was:



  RIX SoftWorks Inc.

  Attn: Richard Brownback or Paul Harker

  18023 Sky Park Circle, Suite J

  Irvine, CA 92714

  Voice: 714.476.8266

  Voice: 714.476.8486



ColorRIX is also bundled with several different VGA cards and the

specification may also be found on numerous FTP archive sites.



------------------------------



Subject: RTF - Rich Text Format



         Type: Word processing

    Extension: RTF

      Version: 1.4

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: 24-bits

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



Upon the official Microsoft blurbs I cannot improve:



"The Rich Text Format (RTF) standard is a method of encoding

formatted text and graphics for easy transfer between MS-DOS,

Windows, Windows 95, OS/2, and Apple Macintosh applications."



"The RTF standard provides a format for text and graphics

interchange that can be used with different output devices, operating

environments, and operating systems. RTF uses the ANSI, PC-8,

Macintosh, or IBM PC character set to control the representation and

formatting of a document, both on the screen and in print. With the

RTF standard, you can transfer documents created under different

operating systems and with different software."



"Version 1.4 of the RTF Specification contains all RTF controls

introduced by Microsoft applications through the release of Word

7.0."



A self-extracting archive containing the RTF 1.4 specification and a

sample RTF reader may be FTPed from Microsoft:



  



Or downloaded from Microsoft's BBS at: +1.206.936.6735



RTF is often confused with the IBM Revisable-Form Text Document

Content Architecture (RFT), which also enables the portability of

word processing documents between dis-similar systems.  



 

------------------------------

 



Subject: RWX - MEME Shape File



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: RWX - Criterion RenderWare



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: S1K - S1000 Simnet Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: SAF - Standard Archive Format



         Type: General

    Extension: SAF

      Version: 

  Compression: None, GZIP

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Advanced Missle Signature Center (AMSC)

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: SAIF - Spatial Archive Interchange Format



         Type: General data format

    Extension: 

      Version: 3.2

  Compression: 

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/~srmb/saif32/toc.html



SAIF (pronounced "safe") is a standard format for the storage and interchange

of geographical data. 



The SAIF format specification is available at:



  ftp://s2k-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/sequoia/schema/STANDARDS/SAIF

  ftp://moon.cecer.army.mil/ogis/related/SAIF3.1



And visit the SAIF home page at:



  http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/~srmb/saif.html



For more information contact:



SAIF Info

Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch

B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks

Fourth Floor, 1802 Douglas Street

Victoria, BA CANADA V8T 4K6

Voice: 604.387.1353

Fax:   604.356.7831

WWW:   http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/srmb/saif.htm



The following company provides software tools for using SAIF:



  Safe Software                                       

  Voice: 604.241.4424

  Voice: 604.583.2016

  Email: infosafe@safe.com

  WWW: http://www.wimsey.com/~infosafe/saif/saifHome.html



------------------------------



Subject: SAT - ACIS



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: Scene



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: Scitex HandShake Formats



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: CT, LW, BM, PG, and TX

      Version: April 1988

  Compression: None and RLE

  Color Depth: 1-bit to 128-bit

   Maintainer: Scitex Corporation <http://www.scitex.com>

Specification: Howard White <whiteh@s9gate.sta.scitex.com>



The most well-known of the HandShake formats is Scitex CT (continuous tone).

This format may store from 1 to 16 8-bit color separations (color planes).

Typical CT files store four separation of CMYB image data. Adobe Photoshop

is an application that is commonly used to create Scitex CT image files.



The other HandShake formats include LW (linework, 16 color separations, 255

color maximum), BM (bitmap, 1-bit RLE image data), PG (page layout), and TX

(textual typesetter data). Of these formats, PG and BM have not been fully

implemented by Scitex and may not be in general use elsewhere. 



The Scitex HandShake data formats and data exchage protocols are described

in the following document:



  HandShake Foreign File Transfer Protocol, Scitex Corporation, Ltd.,

  Revision A: April 1988, Document No. 788-37898A, Catalog No. 399Z37898



------------------------------



Subject: SCN - SCeNe RTrace



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: SDL - Alias Wavefront Scene Description Language



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



        comp.graphics.apps.alias



------------------------------



Subject: SDML - Spacial Data Modeling Language



         Type: VRML

    Extension: sdml

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Silicon Graphics

Specification: http://www.clr.toronto.edu:1080/CLRMOSAIC/SDML.html



SDML is a spatial description language used for storing CAD and GIS data,

such as found in Landscape Planning, Design, and Architectural databases.



SDML currently exists in two versions: the old SDML format and the new

(Version 1.0) format. The old format is derived from the ASCII-based format

used in the Silicon Graphics CLRview and PolyTRIM software environments. The

new format, released in 05Feb95, is a more detailed, capable, and

size-optimized revision of the old SDML and supports all the features of the

Silicon Graphics CLRMosaic software.



Additional information on CLRMosaic can be found at:



  http://www.clr.toronto.edu:1080/CLRMOSAIC/help-about.html



Questions about SDML should be directed to:



  Rodney Hoinkes, Head of Design Applications

  Centre for Landscape Research

  University of Toronto

  230 College St.

  Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1

  Voice: 416.978.3551 

  Fax:   416.971.2094

  Email: rodney@clr.toronto.edu

  WWW:   http://www.clr.toronto.edu/PEOPLE/RODNEY/rodney.html



------------------------------



Subject: SDTS - Spatial Data Transfer Standard



         Type: General data format

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



SDTS is a standard (FIPS 173) format used for the storage and interchange

of gelogical data.



SDTS documentation and files are available from:



  ftp://sdts.er.usgs.gov/pub/sdts/www/html/sdts.html



SDTS questions may be directed to sdts@usgs.gov.



------------------------------



Subject: SFF - Scene File Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: SGI - Silicon Graphics Image File Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



SGI is the native file format of the limage image library found on Silicon

Graphics workstations. The limage library provides a set of functions used

to read and write SGI images.



The SGI file format is a creation of Paul Haeberli (paul@sgi.com) at Silicon

Graphics Computer Systems. The SGI format specification may be found at:



  ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/SGIIMAGESPEC

 

The SGI format is also known as the RGB file format. On SGI workstations

you can get info on RGB and the limage library by using the following

command:

 

  % man 4 rgb



------------------------------



Subject: SHG - Segmented Hyper-Graphic



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: SHG

      Version: 

  Compression: None, RLE

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification: ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/Multimedia/SHED.ZIP



SHG is a file format used by Microsoft in the WinHelp on-line help facility

found in Windows 3.1. This format is used to save a Microsoft Bitmap (BMP) or

Windows Metafile (WMF) graphic and store the coordinates of specific areas of

the bitmap known as "hotspots".  When the bitmap is displayed and the user

selects a hotspot, WinHelp jumps to another part of the help documentation

via a hyper-text link macro stored in the SHG file.



Another file format used with SHG files is the Multiple-Resolution Bitmap

(MRB) format. MRB files contain one or more SHG images, each rendered at a

different resolution. Several SHG files are typically created using the

SHED.EXE utility and then fed into the MRB compiler to create a single MRB

file. When WinHelp reads the MRB file it chooses which bitmap most closely

matches the resolution of the display.



SHG is currently officially undocumented by Microsoft, but a rather

questionable specification may be found at:



  ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/Multimedia/SHED.ZIP



Information on SHG and MRB may be found in the following journal article:



  .mrb and .shg File Formats, Windows/DOS Developer's Journal, Pete Davis,

    February 1994 (Vol 5, No 4), pp. 37-46.



Questions about these formats may also be directed to Section 16

(WinHelp/Tools) of forum WINSDK on CompuServe.



------------------------------



Subject: Softimage



         Type: 

    Extension: 

      Version: 

  Compression: 

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



http://vizlab.beckman.uiuc.edu/softimage/

  SOFTIMAGE Users Home Page



http://www.softimage.com/

  SOFTIMAGE Official Home Page



http://softimage.co.uk/



comp.graphics.apps.softimage



------------------------------



Subject: SPIFF - Still Picture Interchange File Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: JPG, SPF

      Version: 

  Compression: None, JPEG, JBIG, Modified Huffman, MR, MMR

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: ITU and ISO

Specification: http://www.itu.doc/



The "official" JPEG file format. Part 3 of the JPEG standard now includes a

fully defined file format to storing JPEG data. 



When the JPEG format was standardized, disagreements among ISO committees

prevented a standard JPEG file format from being created. The defacto format

that appeared was JFIF from C-cube Microsystems. The JFIF format, although

now quite wide-spread, is very limited in capability as file formats go.



SPIFF is intended to replace the JFIF file format, adding features (more

colorspaces, a recognized way of including text blocks, and so forth),

and provding a backwards-compatability allowing SPIFF files to be read my

most JPEG/JFIF decoders. JFIF, however, has a five-year head start on SPIFF,

so the likelyhood of it being completely replaced anytime soon is not good.



SPIFF's very first journal article has appeared:



  SPIFF: Still Picture Interchange File Format, Dr. Dobb's Journal, 

    James D. Murray, #249 July 1996 (Vol 21, Issue 7), pp. 34-41.



------------------------------



Subject: STL - Stereolithography Interface Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



STL files are the native file format of the SLA CAD software created by 3D

Systems of Valencia, CA, USA. STL files may be ASCII or binary in form,

although binary is far more common due to the very large resulting size of

the CAD data when saved to the ASCII format.



------------------------------



Subject: TDDD - Imagine Object File Format



         Type: 3D    

    Extension: IFF

      Version: 

  Compression: 

  Color Depth: 

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_imagine1.html



TDDD (3D Data Description) is used by Impulse's Imagine 3.0 for 3D rendering data.

TDDD files contain 3D object definitions and can be extended to describe different

types of object information. TDDD data is stored as FORM TDDD chunks using the

Amiga and Electrnic Arts Interchange File Format (IFF).



Imagine 3.0 also supports a Texture File Format stored as a FORM TFORM chunk

in an IFF file. The spec for this format may be found at:



  http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/h_imagine2.html



------------------------------



Subject: TGA - Truevision (Targa) File Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: TGA

      Version: 

  Compression: None, RLE

  Color Depth: 1- to 32-bits (8, 16, 24, and 32 typical)

   Maintainer: Truevision Inc.

Specification:



The TGA format is one of the most widely used bitmap file formats for

storage of 24- and 32-bit truecolor images.  TGA supports colomaps,

alpha channel, gamma value, postage stamp image, textual information,

and developer-definable data.



Copies of the TGA specification, including a sample code disk, may be

obtained from Truevision:



  Truevision Incorporated

  7340 Shadeland Station

  Indianapolis, IN 46256-39925

  Voice: 317.841.0332

  Fax:   317.576.7700

  BBS:   317.577.8783

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.truevision.com/

  WWW:   http://www.truevision.com/



------------------------------



Subject: TIFF - Tag Image File Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: tif, TIFF

      Version: 6.0

  Compression: Uncompressed, PackBits RLE, LZW, JPEG, CCITT Group 3 & 4

  Color Depth: 24-bits

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification: ftp://sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.Z



The TIFF format was formerly owned and maintained by the Aldus Developer's

Association. Aldus has since merged with Adobe Systems and now the Adobe 

Developers Association (ADA) maintains the TIFF file format. You may obtain a

copy of the TIFF 6.0 specification in PDF format at:



  http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/TIFF6.pdf



Or from the following FTP site:



  ftp://sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.Z

  ftp://ftp.adobe.com//pub/adobe/DeveloperSupport/TechNotes/PDFfiles/TIFF6.pdf



Or in hardcopy from +1.800.831.6395 for a cost of $25US.



A detailed text on TIFF enhancements for Adobe Pagemaker 6.0 is at:



  http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/TIFFPM6.pdf



You can find the specs for TIFF 4.0 and 5.0 at:



  ftp://ftp.std.com/obi/Standards/Graphics/Formats/tiff.doc.4.0.Z

  ftp://ftp.std.com/obi/Standards/Graphics/Formats/tiff.doc.5.0.Z



General TIFF questions may be asked of the Adobe Developer Support group

at devsup-person@adobe.com.



You may also contact the ADA directly at:



  Adobe Developer Association

  1585 Charleston Road

  P.O. Box 7900

  Mountain View, CA 94039-7900 USA

  Voice: 415-961-4111

  FAX: 415-967.9231

  BBS: 206-623-6984

  FTP: ftp://ftp.adobe.com/

  WWW: http://www.adobe.com/Support/ADA.html



And be sure to visit Niles Ritter's The Unofficial TIFF Home Page at:



  http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/~ndr/tiff/



Information on the tag extensions of TIFF 6.0 files for storing

geographical bitmap information (GeoTIFF) may be found at:



  http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/~ndr/cartlab/geotiff/geotiff.html 

  ftp://mtritter.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/geotiff/



And the GeoTIFF FAQ may be found at:



  http://www.mmh.fi/maa/kepa/pos/geotiff/ 



Note: Any software created or modified after 01 January 1995 that supports

the capability of reading and/or writing bitmapped data stored in a TIFF file

and compressed using the LZW algorithm must obtain a patent license agreement

from Unisys Corporation. See Part I of the FAQ for more details on the Unisys

GIF-LZW and TIFF-LZW license agreements.



------------------------------



Subject: TRIF - Tiled Raster Interchange Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



TRIF was developed by the Tiling Task Group at the National Institute 

for the interchange of tiled raster data. TRIF is very similar to the

CALS Type II raster format and shares many of the same standards documents.



The keeper of TRIF seems to be:



  Frankie E. Spielman

  National Institute of Standards and Technology

  Voice: 301.975.3257



Military standards for TRIF include:



  Standards for the Interchange of Large Format Tiled Raster Documents,

  NISTIR 88-4017 (December 1988). Section 4, "A Document Application

  Profile for the Interchange of Large Format Tiled Raster Documents",

  contains the application profile definition of a TRIF coded document.



  Requirements for Raster Graphics Representation in Binary Format,

  MIL-R-28002A



  Automated Interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1840A 

  (22 December 1987).



  Information Processing - Text and Office Systems - Office Document

  Architecture (ODA) and Interchange Format - Part 1: Introduction and 

  General Principles, ISO 8613/1.



  Information Processing - Text and Office Systems - Office Document 

  Architecture (ODA) and Interchange Format - Part 2:  Document Structures,

  ISO 8613/2.



  Information Processing - Text and Office Systems - Office Document

  Architecture (ODA) and Interchange Format - Part 4: Document Profile,

  ISO 8613/4.



  Information Processing - Text and Office Systems - Office Document

  Architecture (ODA) and Interchange Format - Part 7: Raster Graphics

  Content Architectures - Tiled Raster Graphics Addendum, Addendum to

  ISO 8613/7.



  Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), ISO 8824.



  Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Notation One (ASN.1),

  ISO 8825.



------------------------------



Subject: TTF - TrueType Font



         Type: Font

    Extension: TTF

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Apple Computer

Specification:



The TrueType font file format was created by Apple Computer and is

used on the Macintosh and Microsoft Windows 3 operating environments.

TTF files may be sent to a PostScript interpreter by first converting

them to Adobe Type 42 font files.



The TrueType font file specification is:



  The TrueType Font Format Specification 1.0, Apple Programmers and

    Developers Association (APDA), P/N M0825LL/A.



This document is available in Windows 3.1 help format and Word for Windows

2.0 format via anonymous FTP from:



  ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/TrueType-Info



Information, programs, and code for working with TrueType files may also be

found in this directory.



The OpenType font format (TrueType Open v.2.0) is an extension of the

TrueType font format, allowing support for PostScript font data.

OpenType was developed jointly by Microsoft and Adobe. Other documents

of interest are:



  Compact Font Format Specification, Version 1.0. Adobe Systems

  TrueType 1.0 Font Files, Technical Specification. Microsoft Corp.



And you can find the Microsoft Typography group at:



  Microsoft Typography Web Site 

  



  Microsoft Typography group

  ttwsite@microsoft.com



------------------------------



Subject: Type 42 Font Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Adobe Systems

Specification:



Type 42 is a PostScript font format used to download TrueType fonts to

PostScript interpreters which contain a TrueType rasterizer. A TrueType font

is first converted to a Type 42 format font and then read by a PostScript

interpreter. Type 42 yields better result than if a TrueType font is

converted to the Adobe Type 1 or Type 3 font formats.



The specification for the Type 42 font format is:



  The Type 42 Font Format Specification,

    Adobe Developer Support, 1 March 1993, P/N LPS5012.

   

This document available via FTP as a Tech Note in PostScript format, 

or as hardcopy when obtained directly from Adobe (see the PostScript

section for information on how to contact Adobe Systems, Inc.).



Additional information on Type 1 fonts may be found in:



  Adobe Type 1 Font Format. Addison Wesley, 1991; ISBN 0-201-57044-0.

  Technical Note #5015: The Type 1 Font Format Supplement.

  Technical Note #5087: Multiple Master Font Programs for the Macintosh.

  Technical Note #5088: Font Naming Issues.



------------------------------



Subject: URT - Utah Raster Toolkit



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



URT is the native raster file format of the Utah Raster Toolkit. This

toolkit, which first appeared in 1983, is a rich source of bitmap

manipulation tools and source code. The toolkit is copyrighted, but

distributable on a GNU-like license.



The specification for the URT file format is found in the following document

of the Utah Raster Toolkit:



  Design of the Utah RLE Format, Thomas, Spencer W., University of Utah,

    Department of Computer Science.



The Utah Raster Toolkit distribution (urt-3.0.tar.Z) may be obtained via FTP

from the following sites:



  ftp://cs.uath.edu

  ftp://weedeater.math.yale.edu

  ftp://freebie.engin.umich.edu



Questions about URT may be directed to:



  toolkit-request@cs.utah.edu

  urt-request@caen.engin.umich.edu



------------------------------



Subject: VCA - Visual Clip Art



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Superscape &lthttp://www.superscape.com&gt

Specification:





------------------------------



Subject: VICAR - Video Image Communication and Retrieval



         Type: General data format

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: NASA

Specification: http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/vic_file_fmt.html



The VICAR and VICAR2 formats are used to store planetary image data

gathered from Earth and by spacecraft, and are similar in design and

use to the FITS and PDS formats. VICAR is actually a collection of 

image processing programs used to analyze image data stored using the

VICAR data format.



Information on VICAR may be obtained directly from JPL:



  NASA

  Attn: Bob Deen

  Image Processing Laboratory

  Jet Propulsion Laboratory

  4800 Oak Grove Drive

  MS 168-414

  Pasadena, CA 91109

  Email: Bob.Deen@jpl.nasa.gov



Descriptions of the VICAR format may be found at:



  ftp://lager.geo.brown.edu/pub/doc/vicar_fmt.txt

  http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/vic_file_fmt.html



------------------------------



Subject: VIFF - Visualization Image File Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



VIFF is the native bitmap graphics file format of the Khoros System

environment implemented using the X Window System.



The VIFF format specification, including other documents related to the VIFF

format, may be found in the Khoros distribution. Chapter 1 of Volume II,

Programmer's Manual, the files in the directory src/file_formats, and the

viff.h file are the most helpful.



The following FTP sites archive the Khoros distribution:



  ftp://ftp.eece.unm.edu/pub/khoros

  ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/window-sys/khoros



The Khoros Consortium may be contacted at:



Khoral Research Inc.

6001 Indian School Road NE

Suite 200

Albuquerque, NM 87110

Voice: 505.837.6500

Fax:   505.881.3842

Email: khoros-request@chama.eece.unm.edu

Email: khorus@chama.eece.unm.edu (User's Group)

Newsgroup: comp.soft-sys.khoros



------------------------------



Subject: VIT - VITec Scanner Raster Format



         Type: Raster

    Extension: .vit

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: VITec

Specification:



I have been unable to locate VITec to obtain a .vit file format spec.

If anyone knows their address then please email it to me.



If you have any VITec files that you need converting, the Image Alchemy

file conversion Web page will do it for you. You can find the page at:



 http://www.handemadesw.com/hsi/web_alchemy.html



------------------------------



Subject: VPF - Vector Product Format



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



VPF is a standard format, structure, and organization for large geographic

databases that are based on a georelational data model. VPF is primarily used

for organizing and encapsulating such digital geographic databases for

transmission.  More information on VPF may be found in the newsgroup and FAQ

of comp.infosystems.gis.



The specification for VPF may be found in the following military standard

document:



  MIL-STD-600006, Vector Product Format, 13 April 1992



This MIL-STD may be obtained from:



  Naval Publications & Forms Center

  Code 3051

  5801 Tabot Ave.

  Philadelphia, PA 19120 USA



------------------------------



Subject: VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language



         Type: VRML

    Extension: vrml

      Version: 1.0c

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.eit.com/vrml/vrmlspec.html

               http://vrml.wired/com/proposals/labspec.html



VRML is a proposed design based on the Silicon Graphics Open Inventor ASCII

file format. Originally called the Inventor VRML, this format has evolved

into what is now the VRML format.



VRML is also called a "Markup Language" for reasons that it is used in a

fashion similar to HTML (HyperText Markup Language), but for rendering 3D

graphics rather than text. VRML, however, is in no way derived from HTML.



The current VRML specification may be obtained from:



  http://www.eit.com/vrml/vrmlspec.html



Other sources of VRML specs include:



  http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/vrml1.0/vrml10-3.html

  http://www.mediatel.lu/mmedia/render/vrml1.0c/vrml10c.html



Questions about VRML may be directed to:



  Mark Pesce, Enterprise Integration Technology, Inc. <mpesce@netcom.com>

  Anthony Parsi, Labyrinth Group <dagobert@netcom.com>

  Gavin Bell, Silicon Graphics, Inc. <gavin@sgi.com>



The original Inventor-VRML specification may be obtained from:



  http://www.sgi.com/Technology/Inventor/VRML/VRMLDesign.html



The Labyrinth VRML specification may be obtained from:



  http://vrml.wired.com/proposals.labspec.html



VRML Research and Sample images:



  http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml

  http://www.sgi.com/FreeStuff/Cool-Scene.vrml



------------------------------



Subject: WebOOGL - Web Object Oriented Graphics Library



         Type: VRML

    Extension: oogl

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification: http://www.geom.umn.edu/docs/weboogl/weboogl.html



WebOOGL is a OOGL-based format used for describing 3D graphics on the World

Wide Web. This format supports the embedding of URL links within 3D objects

and allows multiple WebOOGL objects found at different locations on the Web

to be combined into a single scene.



Additional information om the use of OOGL as a VRML may be obtained from:



  http://vrml.wired.com/proposals/oogl.html



------------------------------



Subject: WMF - Microsoft Windows Metafile



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: WMF

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation

Specification:



WMF is the native vector file format for the Microsoft Windows operating

environment. WMF files are actually a collection of GDI (Graphics Device

Interface) function calls also native to the Windows environment. When a WMF

file is "played back" (typically using the Windows PlayMetaFile() function)

the graphics is rendered. WMF files are device-independant and have no limit

to their size.



Most books on Microsoft Windows programming contain sections on the internals

of WMF files. The closest thing Microsoft has for a specification for the WMF

format is in Volume 4 of the Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit

Programmer's Reference. Chapter 3 details the internals of the Metafile

Format.



The Microsoft Knowledge Base (available at ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/kb/ and on the

Microsoft Developer Network CD) also contains the complete specification of

WMF. I also highly recommend the book:



  Inside Windows File Formats, Tom Swan, Sams Publishing 1993.

  ISBN 0-672-30338-8 $24.95 softcover, 337 pages.



The placeable metafile format was created by Aldus Corp. to allow the 

positioning of a Windows metafile on a printed page. These metafiles have

a 22-byte header then must be stripped before they can be used by the

Windows API. Have a look at the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article:



  http://www.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/METAFILE.EXE

  This archive contains the METAFILE.HLP help file that describes

  the WMF file format.



  http://www.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/PLAYMETA.EXE

  This archive contains sample Windows code to manipulate WMF files.



  http://www.microsoft.com/developr/MSDN/OctCD/METAFI.ZIP

  This archive contains the METAFI.HLP help file that describes

  the WMF file format. 



Also have a look at:



  http://www.r2m.com/windev/

    Internet Resources for Windows Developers



------------------------------



Subject: WPG - WordPerfect Graphics Metafile



         Type: Metafile

    Extension: wpg

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



WPG is the native graphics file format of the WordPerfect Corporation line

of software products. For this reason it is common to find WPG files in

MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and Unix environments.



WPG files may store bitmapped or vector graphics data, or Encapsulated

PostScript data as well. Bitmapped data may be up to 24-bits deep and

selectable from a palette of 256 colors. 



The WPG specification is published in the WordPerfect Corporation

Developer's Toolkit for PC Products. This toolkit is available directly

from WordPerfect Information Services:



  WordPerfect Information Services

  Voice: 801.225.5000



Technical questions regarding WPG may be directed to:



  WordPerfect Manufacturer/Developer Relations Department

  Voice: 801.228.7700

  Fax:   801.228.7777

  CompuServe: 72567,3612



And if all else fails:



  WordPerfect Corporation

  1555 North Technology Way

  Orem, UT 84057

  Voice: 800.526.4477

  Fax:   801.222.5077

  BBS:   801.225.4414



------------------------------



Subject: X3D - x3d and xdart Formats



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



------------------------------



Subject: XBM - X BitMap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



XBM is a native file format of The X Window System and is used for storing

cursor and icon bitmaps that are used in the X GUI. XBM files are quite

different in that they are actually C language source files that are

created to be read by a C compiler rather than a graphical display

program.



XBM data is typically found in headers (.h files) and are a series of

static unsigned char arrays containing the monochrome pixel data. There is

one array per image stored in the header.



XBM was created by the X Consortium as part of the X Window System. Refer

to the /bitmaps directory of the X Window distribution for examples of XBM

files. The central FTP distribution site for X version 11 is:



  ftp://ftp.x.org



Reference works describing XBM include:



  Xlib-C language X Interface, Gettys, James, and Robert W. Scheiffler,

  Consortium Standard, X Version 11, Release 5, First Revision, August 1991.



  Xlib Programming Manual, Nye, Adrian, third edition, O'Reilly & Associates,

  Inc. Sebastopol, CA, 1992.



------------------------------



Subject: XOF - RenderMorphics



         Type: 3D

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



RenderMorphics created the 3D renderer Reality Lab.

RenderMorphics was aquired by Microsoft in February 1995.

RealityLab is now a core component of Windows95.



------------------------------



Subject: XPM - X PixMap



         Type: 

    Extension:

      Version: 

  Compression:

  Color Depth:

   Maintainer: 

Specification:



XPM is a defacto standard for storing monochome, gray-scale, and color

pixmap data to disk under the X Window system. XPM files, like XBM files,

are C source code files, with each pixmap being defined as a static char

array.



The XPM format was created through the work of the KOALA Project at Groupe

Bull Research. Questions about XPM may be directed to:



  BULL Research

  c/o INRIA

  2004 route des Lucoiles

  06565 Valbonne Cedex

  France

  Email: lehors@sophia.inria.fr



You may subscribe to the XPM mailing list by sending a subscription request

to:



  xpm-talk-request@sophia.inria.fr



The XPM library (a collection of utilities that read and write XPM files)

version 3.2g (April 1993) may be obtained via FTP from:



  ftp://avahi.inria.fr/contrib/xpm.tar.Z

  ftp://export.lcs.mit.edu



And a collection of XPM files (mostly icons) resides at:



  ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/AIcons



------------------------------



Subject: WSQ - Wavelet-packet Scalar Quantization Format



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: .wsq

      Version: 

  Compression: Wavelet

  Color Depth: 1-bit

   Maintainer: Los Alamos

Specification: ftp://ftp.c3.lanl.gov/pub/WSQ/documents/wsqSpec2.ps.Z



------------------------------



Subject: XWD - X Window Dump



         Type: Bitmap

    Extension: .xwd

      Version: 

  Compression: None

  Color Depth: Unlimited

   Maintainer: X Consortium

Specification: ftp://ftp.x.org/



XWD is used to store screen dumps created by the xwd client process in the

X Window System. The image of any window or the background may be saved

(dumped) to an XWD file. Using the following command:



  xwd -root > bg.xwd



The background is saved to the file bg.xwd. By replacing the "root" flag

with the ID of a window, only that window will be saved to the XWD file.



XWD was created by the X Consortium as part of the X Window System. Refer

to the /usr/include/X11 directory for header files (XWDFile.h) that define

the X10 and X11 versions of the XWD format.  The central FTP distribution

site for X version 11 is:



  ftp://ftp.x.org



------------------------------



Subject: III. Document Sources



------------------------------



Subject: 0. U.S. Government and Military Standards Sources



The following organizations provide U.S. Government and Military documents

concerning graphics formats and standards:



  Department of Defense

  Joint Interoperability Engineering Organization

  Center for Standards

  10701 Parkridge Boulevard

  Reston, VA 22091-4398 USA



  Standardization Documents Ordering Desk

  700 Robbins Avenue

  Building 4D

  Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 USA



  Naval Publications & Forms Center

  Code 3051

  5801 Tabot Ave.

  Philadelphia, PA 19120 USA



  Defense Information Systems Agency

  Center for Standards

  Attn: TBCE, Rm 3304

  10701 Parkridge Blvd

  Reston, VA 22091 USA

  Voice: 703.487.3536

  Email: edi@itsi.disa.mil



  Department of Defense Single Stock Point (DODSSP)

  Special Assistance Desk

  Open 7:30AM to 4PM EST Mon-Fri

  Voice: 215.697.2667

  Voice: 215.697.2179



  Department of Defense Single Stock Point (DODSSP)

  Subscription Services Desk

  700 Robbins Avenue

  Building 4D

  Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 USA

  Voice: 215.697.2569



  Navy Print On Demand System (NPODS)

  Telespecs automated document ordering system

  Open 7AM to 10PM EST Mon-Fri

  Voice: 215.697.1187 thru .1198



  CALS Policy Office

  DASD(S)CALS Pentagon

  Room 2B322

  Washington, DC 20301



------------------------------



Subject: 1. International Standards Document Sources



Many graphics file formats and graphical information transfer protocols are

ANSI/ISO standards and may be obtained through the following offices:



  International Standards Organization (ISO)

  1 rue de Varembe

  Case Postal 56

  CH-1211 Geneva 20 

  Switzerland

  Voice: 011 41 22 749 0111

  Fax:   011 41 22 733 3430

  WWW:   http://www.iso.ch/



  American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

  Customer Service

  11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor

  New York, NY 10036 USA

  Voice: 212.642.4900

  Fax:   212.398.0023

  Fax:   212.302.1286 (sales)

  Email: jhoward@ansi.org

  WWW:   http://www.ansi.org/



  Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

  Sales Group

  178 Rexdale Boulevard

  Rexdale, Ontario, M9W 1R3

  Voice: 416.747.4058

  Fax:   416.747.4149

  WWW:   http://www.csa.ca/



  International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

  Information Services Department

  Place des Nations

  CH 1211 Geneva 20

  Switzerland

  Voice: 011 41 22 730-6666 or 730-5554

  Fax:   011 41 22 730-5337

  Email: helpdesk@itu.ch

  X.400: S=helpdesk; A=arcom; P=itu; C=ch

  WWW:   http://www.itu.ch/



  International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

  3 rue de Varembe

  CH 1211 Geneva 20

  Switzerland

  Voice: 011 41 22 919 0211

  Fax:   011 41 22 919 0301

  FTP:   ftp://ftp.iec.ch/

  WWW:   http://www.iec.ch/



------------------------------



Subject: 2. Commercial Document Sources



  Global Engineering Documents

  2805 McGaw Avenue

  Irvine, CA 92714 USA

  Voice: 800.854.7179

  Voice: 714.261.1455

  Fax:   202.331.0960



  Global Info Center

  18201 McDurmott West

  Suite B

  Irvine, CA 92714 USA

  Voice: 714.474.5070

  Fax:   714.474.4066



  Document Center

  1504 Industry Way, Unit 9

  Belmont, CA 94002 USA

  Voice: 415.591.7600

  Fax:   415.591.7617



  Phillips Business Information

  1201 Seven Locks Road

  Potomac, MD 20854 USSA

  Voice: 301.424.3338

  Voice: 800.777.5006

  Fax:   301.309.3847

  Email: clientservices.phi@phillips.com

  WWW:   http://www.phillips.com/



------------------------------



Subject: 3. Other Standards Sources



Here's a collection of Web site pointers to many other standards

organizations. You can also find more information in the Usenet

Standards FAQ posted to the comp.protocols.iso, comp.std.misc,

comp.std.internat, comp.answers, and news.answers newgroups.



  http://www.smartpages.com/faqs/standards-faq/faq.html

  http://www.ansi.org/resource.html

  http://www.iso.ch/stbodies.html

  http://stdbbs.ieee.org/faqs/othstdsorg.html



------------------------------



Subject: IV. Kudos and Assertions



------------------------------



Subject: 0. Acknowledgments



The following people have made this FAQ take just a little bit longer to

read since the last time you looked at it (blame them and not me):



  Bjorn P. Brox         <brox@corena.no>

  Mike Beanes           <mike@virage.com>

  John Cristy           <cristy@magick.es.dupont.com>

  Michael Dillon        <michael@memra.com>

  Ben Discoe            <ben@sense8.com>

  James Durham          <durhamj@CC.IMS.DISA.MIL>

  Bruce Garner          <garner@tis.llnl.gov>

  Eric Haines           <erich@eye.com>

  Glenn Herteg          <glenn@ia-us.com>

  Chris Komnick         <komnick@group42.com>

  Tom Lane              <tgl@netcom.com>

  Stanley F. Quayle     <quayle@scriptel.com>

  Glenn Randers-Pehrson <glennrp@arl.mil>

  Jonathan Shekter      <jshekter@interlog.com>

  Marc Soucy            <msoucy@imetric.qc.ca>



------------------------------



Subject: 1. About The Author



The author of this FAQ, James D. Murray, lives in the City of Orange,

Orange County, California, USA. He is the co-author of the book

Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats published by O'Reilly and

Associates, makes a living writing books for O'Reilly, writing

telecommuncations network management software in C++ and Visual Basic,

and may be reached as jdm@ora.com,

or via U.S. Snail at: P.O. Box 70, Orange, CA 92666-0070 USA.



------------------------------



Subject: 2. Disclaimer



While every effort has been taken to insure the accuracy of the

information contained in this FAQ list compilation, the author and

contributors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for

damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.



------------------------------



Subject: 3. Copyright Notice



This FAQ is Copyright 1994-96 by James D. Murray. This work may be

reproduced, in whole or in part, using any medium, including, but not

limited to, electronic transmission, CD-ROM, or published in print, under

the condition that this copyright notice remains intact.



------------------------------





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Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer:
jdm@ora.com (James D. Murray)

Last Update April 18 1999 @ 03:30 AM

faq-admin@faqs.org